494 LYMPHATICS. 



they communicate on each side with the intercostal, below with the lumbar glands, 

 and above with the deep cervical. 



The superficial lymphatics of the front of the thorax run across the great Pectoral 

 muscle, and those on the back part of this cavity lie upon the Trapezius and 

 Latissimus dorsi; they all converge to the axillary glands. The lymphatics from 

 the mamma run along the lower border of the Pectoralis major, through a chain 

 of small lymphatic glands, and communicate with the axillary glands. 



The deep lymphatics of the thorax are the intercostal, internal mammary, and 

 diaphragmatic. 



The intercostal lymphatics follow the course of the intercostal vessels, receiving 

 lymphatics from the Intercostal muscles and pleura ; they pass backwards to the 

 spine, and unite with lymphatics from the back part of the thorax -and spinal canal. 

 After traversing the intercostal glands, they incline down the spine, and terminate ~ 

 in the thoracic duct. 



The internal mammary lymphatics follow the course of the internal mammary 

 vessels ; they commence in the muscles of the abdomen above the umbilicus, 

 communicating with the epigastric lymphatics, ascend between the fibres of the 

 Diaphragm at its attachment to the ensiform appendix, and in their course behind 

 the costal cartilages are joined by the intercostal lymphatics, terminating on the 

 right side in the right lymphatic duct, on the left side in the thoracic duct. 



The lymphatics of the Diaphragm follow the course of their corresponding 

 vessels, and terminate, some in front in the anterior mediastinal and internal 

 mammary glands, some behind in the intercostal and hepatic lymphatics. 



The bronchial glands are situated round the bifurcation of the trachea and 

 roots of the lungs. They are ten or twelve in number, the largest being placed 

 opposite the bifurcation of the trachea, the smallest round the bronchi and their 

 primary divisions for some little distance within the substance of the lungs. In 

 infancy, they present the same appearance as lymphatic glands in other situations ; 

 in the adult they assume a brownish tinge, and in old age a deep black color. 

 Occasionally they become sufficiently enlarged to compress and narrow the canal 

 of the bronchi ; and they are often the seat of tubercle or deposits of phosphate 

 of lime. 



The lymphatics of the lung consist of two sets, superficial and deep : the former 

 are placed beneath the pleura, forming a minute plexus, which covers the outer 

 surface of the lung; the latter accompany the -bloodvessels, and run along the 

 bronchi : they both terminate at the root of the lungs in the bronchial glands. 

 The efferent vessels from these glands, two or three in number, ascend upon the 

 trachea to the root of the neck, traverse the tracheal and cesophageal glands, 

 and terminate on the left side in the thoracic duct, and on the right side in the 

 right lymphatic duct. 



The cardiac lymphatics consist of two sets, superficial and deep ; the former 

 arise in the subserous areolar tissue of the surface, and the latter beneath the 

 internal lining membrane of the heart ; they follow the course of the coronary 

 vessels. Those of the right side unite into a trunk at the root of the aorta, which, 

 ascending across the arch of that vessel, passes backwards to the trachea, upon 

 which it ascends, to terminate at the root of the neck in the right lymphatic duct; 

 those of the left side unite into a single vessel at the base of the heart, which 

 passing along the pulmonary artery, and traversing some glands at the root of the 

 aorta, ascends on the trachea to terminate in the thoracic duct. 



The thymic lymphatics arise from the spinal surface of the thymus gland, and 

 terminate on each side in the internal jugular veins. 



The thyroid lymphatics arise from either lateral lobe of the thyroid gland ; they 

 converge to form a short trunk, which terminates on the right side in the right 

 lymphatic duct, on the left side in the thoracic duct. 



The lymphatics of the oesophagus form a plexus round that tube, traverse the 

 glands in the posterior mediastinum, and, after communicating with the pulmonary 

 lymphatic Vessels near the roots of the lungs, terminate in the thoracic duct. 



