THE NOSE. 611 



The transverse fibres are placed between the two preceding layers ; they are 

 intermixed with a considerable quantity of adipose substance, and form the chief 

 part of the substance of the organ. They are attached internally to the median 

 fibrous septum ; and, passing outwards, the posterior ones taking an arched course, 

 are inserted into the dorsum and margins of the organ, intersecting the other 

 muscular fibres. 



The arteries of the tongue are supplied from the lingual, the facial, and ascending 

 pharyngeal. 



The nerves of the tongue are three in number in each half; the gustatory 

 branch of the fifth, which is distributed to the papilla? at the fore part and sides 

 of the tongue ; the lingual branch of the glosso-pharyngeal, which is distributed 

 to the mucous membrane at the base and side of the tongue, and to the papillae 

 circumvallatae ; and the hypoglossal nerve, which is distributed to the muscular 

 substance of the tongue. The two former are nerves of common sensation and 

 of taste ; the latter is the motor nerve of the tongue. 



THE NOSE. 



The Nose is the special organ of the sense of smell ; by means of the peculiar 

 properties of its nerves, it protects the lungs from the inhalation of deleterious 

 gases, and assists the organ of taste in discriminating the properties of food. 



The organ of smell consists of two parts, one external, the nose , the other 

 internal, the nasal fossae. 



The nose is the more anterior and prominent part of the organ of smell. It is 

 of a triangular form, directed vertically downwards, and projects from the centre 

 of the face, immediately above the upper lip. Its summit or root is connected 

 directly with the forehead. Its inferior part, the base of the nose, presents two 

 elliptical orifices, the nostrils, separated from each other by an antero-posterior 

 septum, the columna. The margins of these orifices are provided with a number 



Figs. 2D9, 300. Cartilages of the Nose. 

 Seen from Iclow 



ou-crLnIcral C", 



ici Ct 



of stiff hairs or vibrissse which arrest the passage of foreign substances carried 

 with the current of air intended for respiration. The lateral surfaces of the nose 

 form, by their union, the dorsum, the direction of which varies considerably in 

 different individuals. The dorsum terminates below in a rounded eminence, the 

 lobe of the nose. 



