94 THE SKELETON. 



is much longer than the vertical, and even after it is fully ossified the whole bone 

 is at first remarkable for its shortness. 



Articulations. With six bones : the sphenoid, ethmoid, superior maxillary, 

 inferior turbinated, v-omer, and opposite palate. 



Attachment of Muscles. To four : the Tensor palati, Azygos uvulae, Internal 

 pterygoid, and Superior constrictor of the pharynx. 



The Inferior Turbinated Bones. 



The Inferior Turbinated Bones (turbo, a whirl) are situated one on each side of 

 the outer wall of the nasal fossae. Each consists of a layer of thin, spongy bone, 

 curled upon itself like a scroll hence its name ''turbinated " and extends hori- 

 zontally along the outer wall of the nasal fossa, immediately below the orifice of 



Lachrymal 

 bone. 



Ethmoidal 

 process 



Nasal proc. 

 lurbi- 

 iiatcd crest. 



Lachrymal 

 proc. 



Inf. turbi- 

 nated crest. 



FIG. 60. Inferior turbinated bone and Lachrymal bone in situ. 



the antrum (Fig. 60). Each bone presents two surfaces, two borders, and two 

 extremities. 



The internasal surface (Fig. 61) is convex, perforated by numerous apertures, 

 and traversed by longitudinal grooves and canals for the lodgement of arteries and 



FIG. 61. Right inferior turbinated bone. Internal 

 surface. 



FIG. 62. Right inferior turbinated bone. 

 External surface. 



veins. In the recent state it is covered by the lining membrane of the nose. The 

 external surface is concave (Fig. 62), and forms part of the inferior meatus. Its 

 upper border is thin, irregular, and connected to various bones along the outer 

 wall of the nose. It may be divided into three portions : of these, the anterior 

 articulates with the inferior turbinated crest of the superior maxillary bone ; the 

 posterior with the inferior turbinated crest of the palate bone ; the middle portion 



