APHORISMS FOR DISSECTORS. 197 



lateral like the acromio-trapezius, or triangular like the spino-tra- 

 pezius (Fig. 66). There are other and less usual forms which will 

 be indicated in special cases. 



583. Designation of the Borders of Muscles. Many of the 

 muscles are thin and triangular or tseniate, so as to present sharply 

 defined borders, in place of the more or less rounded aspects or sur- 

 faces of a fusiform muscle like the biceps. 



Such a flat muscle may become twisted upon its axis in such a 

 way as to change the relations of the borders to the body-planes. 

 In these cases, for the sake of convenience, it will be considered that 

 the muscle has the general direction which it had at its origin, al- 

 though this may sometimes involve an apparent contradiction of the 

 terms in which the insertion is described. 



For example, the M. pecto-antebracJiialis, dv. cepTialica (Fig. 

 72), arises at the meson, and its borders are called cephalic and 

 caudal throughout its whole length, notwithstanding the fact that 

 the line of insertion upon the ulna has a proximo-distal direction, so 

 that, as based thereon, the borders would be proximal and distal. 



584. Connect. For the exposure of the ectal layer of muscles, 

 certain areas of skin must be lifted. The lines of incision which 

 circumscribe such areas are said to " connect " certain parts or 

 points, usually some of the " landmarks" elsewhere ( 225-233) 

 enumerated. 



585. Girdle. When the skin, especially of a limb, is divided 

 by an incision encircling the part, the latter is said to be " girdled." 



586. Transect. In order to examine fully the attachments of 

 a muscle, it is usually desirable to divide it transversely and reflect 

 the two ends in opposite directions. For the sake of brevity, this 

 entire operation will be indicated by the use of the single word 

 transect. 



APHORISMS FOR DISSECTORS. 



587. 1. " Without skilful manipulation we can neither teach 

 by demonstration facts which have been already discovered, nor 

 hope to extend the limits of observation and experimental knowl- 

 edge." - L. S. Beale, A. 



2. " A piece of true dissection ought to turn out an object of 

 wonder and beauty." Goodsir, A, I, 24. 



3. " An anatomist therefore in these curious things had need to 

 have a fine and dainty hand, and at command." Crooke, A, 460. 



