208 ANATOMICAL TECHNOLOGY. 



Where more than one name is used in Human Anatomy, the shortest is here given; 

 the coracoideus, for example, is often called coraco-brachialis, and the sterno-mastoideus, 

 sterno-cleido-mastoideus. 



The occipito-scapularis, levator claciculce and dorso-epitrochlearis occur in man only as 

 anomalies, and have received names in addition to those here selected. 



The names employed by Straus-Durckheim have been put into their classical and tech- 

 nical form, excepting in the case of the " large pectoral" and "grand pectoral." It is 

 probable that one cause of the slight use made cf the names of this eminent anatomist is 

 the fact that he chose to publish them in the vernacular form. 



606. The Sources of the Names Here Used. Of the names of the 40 muscles here 

 described, seven are employed both by Straus Durckheim and in the standard works upon 

 Human Anatomy; these are: sterno-mastoideus, se^ratusmagnus, subscapularis, supraspi- 

 natus, infraspinatus, biceps, and supinator long us. 



The following three names have been applied in Human Anatomy, but are not used by 

 Straus-Durckheim : levator claviculce, levator anguli scapulae, and coracoideus. 



The following nine names are used by Straus-Durckheim, but not by anthropotomists : 

 occipito-scapularis, rhomboideus, micostalis,teres. brachialis, indicator, pronator teres, dermo- 

 humeralis, and pecto-antebrachialis. The last two refer to muscles which do not exist in 

 man, and four of the others are but slight modifications of the anthropotomical names. 



The following eight names are abbreviations of the anthropotomical names ; latissimnn, 

 epitrochlearis, extensor radialis longior, ex. rad. brevior, ex. communis, ex. ulnaris, e.r. 

 minimi, and flexor radialis. 



The following seven names are translations or transpositions of those used by Straus- 

 Durckheim : acromio-trapezius, clavo-trapezius, spino-deltoideus, acromio-deltoideus, clavo- 

 deltoideus, daw-mastoideus, and meditriceps. As to the hybrid nature of some of these 

 terms, see 53. 



The following four names are the names in common use modified after the analogy of 

 the now almost universally adopted ectoglutmus : ectopectoralis, entopectoralis. ectotriceps, 

 entotriceps. 



Two names remain to be accounted for. One of these, spino-trapezius, was substituted 

 for Straus-Durckheiin's dorso-cucullaris for the sake of uniformity with respect to the 

 other divisions of the human trapezius, and the correlative division of the deltoideus. 



This leaves us responsible for but one entirely new name, xiphi-humeraUs. While the 

 muscle so designated seems to us sufficiently distinct to demand a separate appellation, we 

 are not particularly pleased with the name, and stand ready either to accept a shorter one 

 or to regard the muscle as only a division of the ectopectoralis or entopectoralis when the 

 proper evidence is forthcoming. 



THE TRAPEZIUS GROUP. 



607. General Remark. The human M. trapezius, a single muscle, seems to be rep- 

 resented in the cat by three nearly distinct muscles, which are here called beginning 

 with the most caudal spino-trapezius. acromio-tropezius, and clavo-trapezius. They extend 

 from the cervical and thoracic dorsimeson to the scapula and clamcl n . 



The names of all the muscles are in italics. To avoid frequent repetitions, the capital 

 M, the initial of Musculus, will be prefixed only when otherwise there might be some risk 

 of misunderstanding. 



608. Explanation of Fig. 66. The left ectal skeletal muscles 

 of the neck and shoulder. 



