COMMON THINGS MAN. 



peculiar elevation to the forehead and nobleness of aspect which is 

 nowhere to be found among the inferior species. 



5. The proportion which the part of the head occupied by the 

 principal organs of sense, those of seeing, hearing, smelling, and 

 tasting, bears to the part occupied by the brain and its appendages, 

 is found to be a good general modulus of the power of the intel- 

 lectual faculties ; and accordingly methods have been sought by 

 physiologists, by which this proportion can be conveniently 

 ascertained with some degree of approximation by external in- 

 dications, independently of the results of dissection. The method 

 which has been most generally received is that proposed by 

 Camper, an eminent Dutch naturalist, which consists in measuring 

 what he called the facial angle, formed by a line, c d, (fig. 3) 



Fig. 3. 



Fig. 4. 



drawn through the opening of the ear and the base of the nostrils, 

 with another line, a 6, drawn from the most salient point of the 

 forehead, through the front of the upper jaw. This angle will be 

 greater or less, according to the greater or less development of the 

 brain, especially in its anterior part. 



In comparing man with the inferior animals, it is found 

 accordingly, that the facial angle exceeds those of the latter in a 

 large proportion ; and in comparing different species of animals 

 one with another, the variation of this angle is in remarkable 

 accordance with their several manifestations of intelligence. 



6. The following are the facial angles of certain species, accord- 

 ing to different physiological authorities : 



Man (European) (fig. 3) 

 Ouran-Outang (fig. 4) 

 Apes (fig. 6) , 

 Dog . . . 

 Earn . . 

 Horse , 



85 to 90 



56 to 60 



30 to 65 



35 



30 



23 



According to Professor Milne Edwards, the forehead in the case 

 of the wild boar (fig. 6) is so falling, that it is impossible to 

 draw a straight line from the upper jaw to the most prominent 

 54 



