FACIAL ANGLE. 



part of the skull, the latter falling considerably behind the bony 

 projection of the nose. 



Fig. 5. Fig. G. 



With birds and fishes the facial angle is less than with mam- 

 mifers, and with reptiles, as in the crocodile (fig. 7), is often so 

 small as to be scarcely appreciable. 



Fig. 8. 



Fig. 7. Crocodile. 



In comparing individuals of the human race existing in different 

 climates and under different physical influences, the facial angle 

 is subject to much variation. Thus, while with the European 

 (fig. 3) it is sometimes so great as 90, 

 with the negro (fig. 8) it seldom 

 exceeds 70. 



7. Although the more complete in- 

 vestigation of the connection of cerebral 

 development with the extent of the 

 intellectual faculties was reserved for 

 modern investigators, it does not appear 

 to have escaped the notice of the ancients, 

 who evidently saw in the facial angle an index of intelligence. 

 Not only do we find in their writings an erect frontal line noticed 

 as a mark of a generous nature and an essential character of 

 beauty, but the ancient sculptors conferred upon the figures of 

 their heroes and their gods a facial angle much larger than is ever 

 seen in man ; and in some of the more remarkable statues which 

 have come down to us, the Olympian Jupiter for example, the 

 frontal line b a, fig. 3, actually inclines forwards so as to render 

 the facial angle obtuse. 



Even the most vulgar observation ascribes stupidity to a pro- 

 jecting mouth and nose and retiring forehead, to which the name 

 muzzle is given, whether found in men or in animals. And when 



55 



