THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH. 



ample of the same prevailing form, its southern apex being 

 marked by the celebrated rock of Gibraltar, separated from the 

 northern coast of Africa by the narrow neck of water called the 

 Strait of Gibraltar. 



116. The Italian Peninsula juts southwards into the Medi- 

 terranean, with the islands of Sicily and Malta, and the small 

 archipelago formed by the Lipari Islands, at its southernmost 

 point. 



117. The Hellenic Peninsula is a like example, terminated 

 by the Morea, and surrounded near its southernmost point by the 

 Ionian Islands. 



118. The Crimea, in the Black Sea, is a peninsula of like form 

 and position, terminating with a southern vertex near Sebastopol. 



119. The Scandinavian Peninsula consists of Norway and 

 Sweden, and enclosed between the Northern Atlantic on the west, 

 and the Baltic and the Gulf of Bothnia on the east, presents, like 

 the others, an apex to the south, and Zealand, and other smaller 

 islands, lie off its southern point. 



120. European Peninsula. Humboldt observes that Europe 

 itself may be regarded as a great peninsula projecting from Asia, 

 and enclosed between the Mediterranean and Black Sea on one 

 side, and the Baltic and Arctic Ocean on the other. 



121. The Indian Peninsula juts into the ocean southwards, 

 having, like the others, a triangular form, and the island Ceylon 

 off its southern apex. 



122. Further India. The tract of land called Further India, 

 lying to the south of China, and including Cochin China, Si am, 

 and Burmah, is another example of like form, terminating in the 

 Malayan promontory with Singapore at its apex, and the Indian 

 archipelago around its point. 



123. Hemisphere of most Land. There is a certain hemi- 

 sphere of the globe within which nearly the whole of the land is 

 included, the middle point of which is at the south coast of England. 

 If an observer were elevated directly above this point, so as to 

 obtain a bird's-eye view of the earth, he would see the whole of 

 Europe, Asia and Africa, North America, and the chief part of South 

 America, all comprised within the visible hemisphere: the only 

 parts of the land which would be included within the hemisphere 

 beyond his view would be the southern point of South America, 

 Australia, and the islands of the Indian Archipelago. 



In Map 8, we have given these two hemispheres, having repro- 

 duced them from the Physical School Atlas of Alexander Keith 

 Johnston, a work which we strongly recommend to students to aid 

 them in comprehending this tract. 



156 



