vi CONTENTS. 



STEAM NAVIGATION. 



PAGE 



CHAP. I. 1. Inventors of steam navigation uneducated. 2. First 

 steamers on the Hudson and the Clyde. 3. Sea-going steamers 

 due to British engineers. 4. Progress of steam navigation from 

 1812 to 1837. 5. Atlantic steamers projected. 6. Abstract 

 possibility of the voyage could not be doubted. 7. The voyage 

 had been already made by two steamers. 8. Projects advanced 

 in 1836. 9. Discussion at Bristol in 1837. 10. Report of 

 Dr. Lardner's speech in the Times of 27th August, showing the 

 falsehood of the report*that he pronounced the project imprac- 

 ticable. 11. Atlantic steam voyage advocated by Dr. Lardner in 

 1836-7. 12. The practical results of the various projects prove 

 the truth of his predictions. 13. The Cunard steamers, esta- 

 blished on the conditions suggested by him, were alone successful. 

 14. Voyages of these steamers. 15. Other lines established. 

 16. Probable extension of steam navigation to the general 

 purposes of commerce. 17. Auxiliary steam-power the most 

 probable means of accomplishing this. 18. Advantages of sub- 

 aqueous propulsion. 19. Means of realising them. 20. Im- 

 proved adaptation of steam-power to vessels of war required. 

 21. Mercantile steam-marine available for national defence. 22. 

 Principle of marine engine. 23. Propellers. 24. Paddle-wheels 

 and screws. 25. Arrangement of paddle-wheels. 26. Paddle- 

 shaft. 27. General arrangement of marine engine . . . 113 



CHAP. II. 28. Arrangement of-the engine-room ; governor and other 

 regulating partsvomitted. 29. Flue boilers and tubular boilers. 

 30. Construction of flue boilers. 31. Tubular boilers. 32. 

 Indications of engineering ignorance. 33. Number and dimen- 

 sions of tubes. 34. Incrustation produced by sea water. 35. 

 Hydrometric indicators. 37. Thermometric indicators. 38. 

 Seaward's contrivance. 39. Brine-pumps. 40. Blowing out. 

 41. To detach the scale. 42. Effect of corrosion. 43. Efficiency 

 and economy of fuel. 44. Coating the boiler and pipes with felt. 129 



CHAP. III. 45. Economy of fuel. 46. Width and depth of furnace. 

 47. Advantage of expansive action. 48. Siamese engines. 

 49. Simplified arrangements. 50. Number and position of cylin- 

 ders. 51. Proportion of diameter to stroke. 52. Oscillating 

 engines. 53. Engines of the " Peterhoff." 54. Propellers. 55. 

 The common paddle-wheels. 56. Feathering paddles. 57. 

 Morgan' s'paddle- wheel. 58. Field's split paddles. 59. American 

 paddle-wheel. 60. Practical objections to feathering paddles. 

 61. Proportion of marine engines. 62. Submerged propellers. 

 63. Their disadvantages. 64. Screw-propellers. 65. Pitch and 

 slip. 66. Manner of mounting screw-propellers. 67. Their 

 various forms 145 



