THE PRINTING PRESS. 



four, the principle of the machine, however, remaining the 

 same. 



The manner in which this was accomplished will be easily 

 understood by the aid of the illustrative diagram, fig. 9, where 1, 

 2, 3, and 4, are the printing-cylinders : p p r' r', are the tables 

 of the four layers-on, and o o o' o', lead to those of the four 

 takers-off. The course followed by the sheets of paper, in passing 

 to and from the cylinders, are indicated by the arrows. Inking 

 rollers are in this case placed at R, between the printing- 

 cylinders ; the two type-forms are inked twice, while they move 

 from right to left, and twice again while they move from left to 

 right. The printing- cylinders are alternately let down upon the 

 type and raised from them in pairs ; while the type-table moves 

 from left to right, the cylinders 1 and 3 are in contact with the 

 table, the cylinders 2 and 4 being raised from it, and, on the 

 contrary, when it moves from right to left, the cylinders 2 and 

 4 are in contact with it, 1 and 3 being raised from it. 



By this improvement, which was adopted in The Times office 

 in 1827, the proprietors of that journal obtained the power, then 

 unprecedented, of printing from 4000 to 5000 sheets per hour on 

 one side of the paper. By this means they were enabled to 

 satisfy the demands of a circulation amounting to 28000. 



In reference to newspaper-printing, it must be here observed 

 that the great object to be attained, is to increase the celerity by 

 which printing on one side only of the sheet can be augmented. 

 It is found convenient so to arrange the letter-press that the 

 matter appropriated to one side of the sheet shall be ready for 

 press at an early hour, and may be printed before the contents of 

 the other side, in which the most recent intelligence is included, 

 can be prepared. Hence the advantage of using machines 

 adapted to print one side only with the most extreme celerity for 

 newspapers. 



25. " Times " Printing-machine. This machine continued to 

 serve the purposes of The Times newspaper until a later epoch, 

 when again the exigencies of the press exceeded even its immense 

 powers, and another appeal was made to the inventive genius of 

 Mr. Applegath. It was, in short, necessary to provide a machine 

 by which at least 10000 sheets an hour could be worked off from 

 a single form ! 



In considering the means of solving this problem, it is neces- 

 sary to observe, that whatever expedient may be used, the sheets 

 of paper to be printed must be delivered one by one to the 

 machine by an attendant. After they once enter the machine 

 they are carried through it and printed by self-acting machinery. 

 But in the case of sheets so large as those of the newspapers, it is 

 18 



