Fig. 52. 



THE CRUST OF THE EARTH : 



OR, FIRST NOTIONS OF GEOLOGY. 



CHAPTEE IV. 



100. Elie De Beaumont's explanation of the formation of mountain chains 

 101. Effects of the earthquake of 1838 in South America. 102. 

 Inference as to the probable effects of the vast earthquakes which 

 produced the great mountain ranges. 103. Dislocations in paral- 

 lel directions produced parallel chains. 104. Origin of mineral 

 veins explained. 105. Veins are found in groups generally parallel. 

 106. Deposition of rock-salt in cavities of Muschelkalk. 107. 

 Natural agencies still manifested are sufficient to explain all geological 

 phenomena. 108. Internal fluidity of the earth 109. Effects of in- 

 ternal heat onthe surface. Why the climates of the higher latitudes 

 at former tpochs were similar to those of the tropics at present ex- 

 planation of the presence of tropical fossils in polar latitudes. 110. 

 The undulations and disruptions assumed by geologists as physical 

 causes still proceed, though with less energy. 111. Effects of earth- 

 quakes that of Calabria, 1783. 112. Effects in Sicily. 113. Earth- 

 quakes at Chili. 114. Earthquake of 1819 in India. 115. Like 

 phenomena recorded in all ages and countries. 116. Similar phenomena 

 traditional island of Atlantis. 117. Permanency of the sea-level 

 proves the undulations of the land. 11 8. Undulations of the Swedish 

 peninsula. 119. Similar changes in Greenland, and in the Indian 

 x archipelago. 120. General sinking of South America. 121. Singular 



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No. 137. 



