SANTORIN ISLAND. 



1573 A.D., appeared the large island called Micra Kamini, and in 

 1707, the still larger one, Nea Kamini. The latter underwent a 

 gradual increase of magnitude during several succeeding years. 



Fig. 58. 



No volcanic crater was formed upon these islands, which appear 

 to cover the orifices in the subjacent crust through which the 

 liquid matter which forced them up acted. 



139. These submarine volcanic phenomena are generally pre- 

 ceded by incandescent matter thrown above the waters, by 

 scoriaceous and pumiceous matter appearing on the surface, by 

 burning rocks which appear in the midst of vaporous waves, and 

 by the ebullition of the sea, the temperature of which then 

 becomes very elevated. All these effects were manifested in 

 modern times in the appearance of the islands of Julia, Sabrina, 

 and others, and the more ancient phenomena are similarly 

 described in historic narratives. 



The circumstances attending them, however, are not always 

 identical. Sometimes no solid rock is raised above the water. 

 Thus, for example, at Kamtschatka, in 1737, jets of vapour only 

 were thrown up. Great ebullitions of the sea took place, and 

 pumiceous matter flowed on the surface. On the subsidence of 

 the eruptions, it was found that chains of submarine mountains 

 had been formed where previously there was a depth of 100 

 fathoms. In other cases there are not even jets of vapour, and 

 the phenomenon is manifested only by the increased temperature 



105 



