CONTENTS. ix 



PAGE. 



CHAP. VIII. 444. First appearance of fishes similar to the salmon 

 and perch specific forms of Mollusca and Radiata. 445. Great 

 duration of the sixth Cretaceous period. 446. Great changes 

 in the outlines of land and water. 447. Specimens of the 

 fauna. 448. Flora and land animals the Mosasaurus. 449. 

 Close of tlie period. SEVENTH CRETACEOUS PERIOD : 450. 

 Mineral character of the stage. 451. Synopsis of the animal 

 kingdom. 452. Examples of the fauna. Tertiary Age.- 

 453. Origin of the name. 454. Classification of the strata five 

 stages their nomenclature and thickness. 455. Complete series 

 not found. 456. Section of the formation between the Vosges 

 and Paris discordances and isolation. 457. Palaeontologies 1 

 distinction between the Tertiary and inferior formations. 458. 

 The number of species in the Tertiary age. 459. Distribution 

 of the species among the stages. 460. General conclusions. 

 461. Outlines of land and water D'Orbigny's map of France 

 and England. 462. Great geographical changes from period to 

 period. 463. Character of the fauna great development of 

 Mammifers. 464. Uniform prevalence of tropical climate. 

 465. Gradual and violent undulations of the land. FIRST 

 TERTIARY PERIOD : 466. Mineral character of the stage. 

 467. Synopsis of the animal kingdom. 468. Great development 

 of fishes. 469. Vast increase of land animals, including those 

 of which the rhinoceros, otter, dog, ferret, and squirrel are 

 types. 470. Creation of flat-fish. 471. The Mollusca num- 

 mulites. 472. Whole mountains formed of these animals. 473-. 

 Vast duration of the period. 474. Terrestrial flora. 475. 

 Outlines of land and water Anglo-Parisian basin form of 

 its shores in France and England. 476. Pyrenean basin. 477. 

 Mediterranean basin. 478. Its great extent towards the east. 

 479. Fresh-water lakes. 480. Close of the period. SECOND- 

 TERTIARY PERIOD : 481. Elevation of the Pyrenees elevation 

 of the tract of Bray in France, and of the Wealden in England. 

 482. Synopsis of the animal kingdom. 483. Specific forms of 

 Mollusca and Radiata. 484. Creation of Cetacea, or whale 

 forms. 485. Prodigious numbers of Miliolse, of which the stone 

 quarries of Paris are formed. 486. Marine flora land animals, 

 including the generic forms of which apes, bats, gallinaceous, 

 predaceous, and climbing birds, serpents, rattle-snakes, baboons, 

 and opossums are types. 487. Crocodiles and land tortoises 

 belemnites and nautili terrestrial flora. 488. Outlines of 

 land and water division of Anglo-Parisian basin into two seas .11 



CHAP. IX. 489 490. Great change in the Pyrenean and Mediterra- 

 nean basins. 491. Land and water in the United States. 492. 

 Effect of the elevation of the Pyrenees. 493. General prevalence 

 of tropical climate. 494. Great change in the Mediterranean 

 basin. 495. Sketch of part of Western Europe by Elie de Beau- 

 mont. THIRD TERTIARY PERIOD : 496. Mineral character of 

 the stage. 497. Convulsion which preceded the period. 498. 

 Outlines of land and water. 499. Marine fauna and specific 

 forms of Mollusca and Radiata. FOURTH TERTIARY PERIOD : 

 500. Mineral character of the stage. 501. Synopsis of animal 



