CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



kingdom. 502. Specific forms of Mollusca and Radiata. 503. 

 Convulsion which preceded the period Disappearance of Anglo- 

 Parisian sea Ligerian basin. 504. Pyrenean basin. 505. 

 Marine fauna. 506. Enormous increase of land animals, in- 

 cluding the generic forms of the bear, the cat, the weasel, the 

 seal, the mouse, the beaver, the rhinoceros, the tapir, and the 

 stag. 507. Great increase of reptiles and fishes, including 

 snakes, frogs, salajpanders, perch, herring, and carp. 508. 

 Flora, including the generic forms of various conifers : birch, 

 alder, oak, beech, elm, fig, plantain, poplar, laurel, sloe-tree, 

 maple, red jasmin, madder. 509. Uniform tropical climate. 

 FIFTH TERTIARY PERIOD : 510. Mineral character of the stage. 

 511. Synopsis of the animal kingdom. 512. Outlines of land 

 and water. 513. Elevation of the Western Alps its effects. 

 514. Map of France by M. Elie de Beaumont. 515. Marine 

 animals, including the generic forms of gudgeon, pike, loach, 

 blay, and tench. 516. Terrestrial fauna, including the mega- 

 therium, megalonyx, mylodon, and mastodon, and the generic 

 forms of the elephant, hippopotamus, camel, giraffe, and stag. 

 517. Birds of the generic forms of the vulture, eagle, swallow, 

 woodpecker, chat, anabate, lark, motlihunter, cuckoo, parrot, 

 pheasant, common fowl, guinea fowl, flamingo, horned owl, rail, 

 corncrake, goose, loon, duck, gull, &c. 518. Fossil salamander 

 of (Eningen. 519. Floi-a, including generic forms of liquidamber, 

 willow, myrtle, anemone, plum-tree, magnolia, holly, rhododen- 

 dron, and azalea. 520. Large numbers of Mammifers. 521. 

 Bone caves cave of Gaylenreuth. 522. Retrospect. 523. 

 Was creation at each period simultaneous. 524. Proofs in the 

 affirmative. 525. Was there a progressively increasing perfection 

 of organisation. 526. Number of orders in the respective strata. 

 527. Of genera in the orders. 528. Increase and dew-ease of 

 genera in the orders. 529. Orders in which the decrease took 

 place. 530. Orders of fishes 129 



CHAP. X. 531. Examination of orders. 532. Relative numerical 

 proportion. 533. No progression discoverable in these. 534. 

 Examination of generic development. 535. Similar result. 

 536. In the Radiata and Mollusca. 537. Annulata. 538. 

 Vertebrata. 539. No progress indicated. 540. Organs of 

 ancient animals. 541. Examination in relation to respiratory 

 organs. 542. Lower divisions. 543. Branchial respiration. 544. 

 No essential change. 545. No progression observable. 546. 

 Tracheal respiration. 547. Pulmonary respiration. 548. Com- 

 position of atmosphere unchanged. 549. General conclusions. 

 550. Persistence of genera. 551. Useful geological test. Tne 

 Contemporaneous Age. HUMAN PERIOD. 552. Elevation 

 of the great Alps total destruction of the fauna and flora of the 

 last period. 553. Great change of form in Europe. 554. 

 Secondary effects vast rivers and lakes producing alluvial 

 deposits. 555. Creation of a new fauna and flora. 556. Tabular 

 view of the existing and past animal kingdoms. 557. General 

 inferences from this. 558. Number of species of Mollusca and 

 Radiata, and their distribution. 559. Total number of species. 



