THE PRE-ADAMITE EARTH. 



forms a semicircle in Yorkshire, directing its course to the Tees 

 and "Whitby. It will he apparent from the map that the course 

 of this stage in England is only the continuation of its direction 

 in Normandy. 



343. This stage is distinguished from the succeeding one by 

 many and evident discordances, and more especially by the isola- 

 tion of strata, the superidr stage being in many places present 

 without the inferior. An example of this is presented at Fontaine- 

 Etoupe-Four, in the department of Calvados in France, where 

 the second, third, and fourth stages rest in concordant stratifica- 

 tion on Silurian rocks, without the interposition of this first 



344. The seas of this period covered all the southern part of 

 "Western Europe from France to Sicily, and deposited their first 

 stage upon the region on which the Alps and Pyrenees now stand, 

 After the lapse of a long interval posterior to their consolidation, 

 as well as that of many other stages subsequently deposited, the 

 Alps and Pyrenees were forced by an internal pressure through 

 the crust, which being broken, these with other strata were 

 disrupted and thrown into various inclinations, some being 

 rendered vertical, while others being compressed horizontally 

 were bent into the form of undulations. 



Examples of these effects are numerous. One showing the 

 first Jurassic stage thrown into a vertical position occurs at 

 Gevaudan in the department of the Basses Alpes (fig. 158), and 

 one showing the undulating form produced by horizontal com- 

 pression occurs at Chaudon a Digne in the same department 

 (fig. 159). 



Fig. 158. Section of first Jurassic 

 stage at Gevaudan. 



Fig. 159. Section of first Jurassic 

 stage at Chaudon. 



345. After tranquillity was re-established, another fauna and 

 flora was called into existence, a synopsis of which (excepting 

 the annulata) is given in the following table : 



78 



