FIFTH TEliTIAEY PERIOD. 



507. Among the reptiles which now* appeared for the first time 

 were generic forms, whose types are snakes, frogs, and sala- 

 manders, and among the fishes, those of which the types are the 

 perch, the herring, and the carp, fig. 192. 



508. The flora of this period included Amphigamous crypto- 

 gamia (Algte and mushrooms), Acrogenous cryptogamia (Mosses 

 and ferns), Monocotyledons, Dicotyledonous gymnosperms 

 (numerous conifers), Dicotyledonous angiosperms (birch, alder, 

 oak, beech, elm, fig, plantain, poplar, laurel, rose-tree, acacia, 

 sumach, nut-tree, sloe-tree, maple, red-jasmine, madder.) 



509. The presence in all the European seas of species, both 



Fig. 192. Lebias Cephalotes. Cyprin (Carp). 



animal and vegetable, now peculiar to the Torrid Zone, proves 

 that there prevailed, in this period as in the former, in France, 

 England, and Germany, and probably in all other parts of the 

 globe, a uniform temperature similar to that which now charac- 

 terises the tropics. Climatological lines had not therefore yet 

 existed. 



FIFTH TERTIARY PERIOD. 



510. The strata deposited in this period corresponded with the 

 older Pleiocene of Sir C. Lyell. 



511. The following is a generic synopsis of the fauna, with the 

 xception of three genera of Crustacea. 



135 



