xii CONTENTS 



CHAPTER XVII 



VOLUNTARY ACTION 



PAGE 



Instinct Reason Memory Sitaris Dragon-fly The in- 

 stincts of Man The evolution of Memory and Reason Animals 

 that tend their young Social animals The ant Traditional 

 knowledge in the lower animals Comparison of the frog with the 

 human being . . . v . . . , , . 220 



CHAPTER XVIII 



THE INSTINCTS AND THE ACQUIREMENTS OF MAN 



The essential difference between Man and the brutes Reason 

 in the brutes The substitution of reason for instinct The in- 

 stincts of Man The sexual instinct The parental instinct The . 

 instinct for food Imitativeness The sporting instinct The 

 stereotyping of mental acquirements Its advantages and dis- 

 advantages . , .... , , . . . 235 



CHAPTER XIX 



AUTOMATIC ACTION 



All " inborn " characters are in reality acquirements All auto- 

 matic actions are voluntary They result from " diffused," not 

 concentrated attention 248 



CHAPTER XX 



THEORIES OF MENTAL EVOLUTION 



All instinctive actions are voluntary They differ from rational 

 actions only in that the tendency and (as a rule) the capacity to 

 perform them are inborn Lewes Spencer Romanes Mental 

 acquirements are not transmissible Offspring are not affected 

 mentally by the action of the environment on the parental germ- 

 plasm . . . . * . , . . . . .261 



CHAPTER XXI 



THE MIND OF MAN 



The basis of Man's mind The physical changes which have 

 accompanied the evolution of memory Speech The substitution 

 of acquirements for instincts Sexual and parental love Modesty 

 Morality Comparison between physical and mental traits 

 Mental acquirements that are due to physical conditions The 

 influence of the environment Man the educable animal The 

 opinions of scientific men . , ..*. 272 



