APPENDIX A 



CHARACTERS, INBORN AND INHERITED 

 (See 70.) 



THE list of examples given in the text may be greatly extended. 

 Thus De Varigny l says that when the small brown honey- 

 bee from High Burgundy is transported into Bresse although 

 not very distant it soon becomes larger and assumes a yellow 

 colour ; this happens even in the second generation. Vilmorin 

 noted that the red, yellow, and violet colours of carrots appear 

 only after cultivation. Moquin Tandon has noted that violets, 

 blue in the valleys, tend to become white at a greater altitude. 

 Animals transferred from cold to warm climates tend to lose 

 their wool and acquire hairs, whereas animals taken from warm 

 to cold climates acquire wool. Fowls in Columbia are said to 

 lose their feathers, though the young are hatched with the usual 

 down. Snails from different localities, which differed in appear- 

 ance, have grown alike when reared in the same environment. 

 The leaves of the common dandelion are more incised and dentate 

 on dry than damp soil. Artemia salina develops characters 

 resembling Artemia milhausenii when removed to salter water. 

 Turkeys reared from the wild species tend to lose their metallic 

 tints and to become spotted in the third domestic generation. 

 Pictet 2 has recently altered the colour of butterflies by transfer- 

 ring the caterpillars from the normal food plant to another. He 

 found that each kind of abnormal food impresses its characteristic 

 effects on the offspring. These effects persist and increase for 

 some generations, but eventually the race becomes accustomed 

 to the new food, and thereupon returns to the primitive type. 

 " Clayton allowed six bean plants to grow in a spot where they 

 would catch all the sunshine of the day, whilst six other similar 

 plants were protected by a boarding which effectually screened 

 off the sun. When freshly gathered in October the weight of 

 the beans and pods of the exposed plants was to that of the 

 protected as ninety-nine to twenty-nine, whilst the weight of the 

 dry beans was as sixteen to five. The next year the weight of 

 the fresh beans and pods obtained from the sunshine-grown seed 

 of the previous year was half as much again as in the case of 

 the plants from shade-grown seeds, in spite of the fact that all 



1 Experimental Evolution. 



2 Influence de V Alimentation et de VHumidite sur la Variation des 

 Pavilions. 



353 A A 



