CHAPTER VIII. 



FLORAL ENVELOPES THE CALYX. 



Dichlamydeous Flower Achlamydeous and Monochlamydeous 

 Apetalous Flowers Perianth or Perigone Homo- and Hetero- 

 chlamydeous Perianth Examples of achlamydeous, &c., flowers 

 Polypetalous and -sepalous, &c., flowers Gamopetaly, &c. 

 The Calyx Sepals Limb and Claw Obsolete Calyx Texture 

 of Sepals Gamosepalous Calyx Tube, Limb, and Throat 

 Shapes of Calyx Regular, Actinomorphic, and Zygomorphic 

 Calyx Stipular outgrowths Epicalyx and Calyculus Per- 

 sistent, deciduous and caducous Sepals Marcescent and ac- 

 * crescent Calyx Pappus Appendages. 



THE Calyx and Corolla of an ordinary flower are often 

 termed the floral envelopes, and the collective term is 

 useful because the two are not always distinguishable 

 even when present. When both floral envelopes are 

 present the flower is dichlamydeous. 



In many cases, however, the flower has no calyx or 

 corolla, properly speaking, and is achlamydeous, e.g. Piper, 

 Salix, Populus, Myrica. 



In an ordinary Willow, for instance, each of the bracts 

 of the catkin bears in its axil a flower consisting of two 

 stamens, or of an ovary, only, and quite devoid of any- 

 thing we can call calyx or corolla. Similarly, the flowers 

 of the conifers are achlamydeous, as are also those of 

 many Aroideae, Grasses, &c. 



52 



