74 THE CALYX [CH. 



the junction of limb and tube is known as the throat 

 of the calyx. 



Such calices are Cup-shaped, Campanulate (Bell- 

 shaped), Tubular, Funnel-shaped, Flask-shaped, &c., terms 

 which practically explain themselves. 



In the above examples the calyx is regular or actino- 

 morphic : that is to say, all the parts teeth, lobes, veins, 

 &c. are radiately grouped round an imaginary central 

 axis, so that at least two vertical sections could be cut 

 through the middle and the halves afford similar reflec- 

 tions one of the other, if held up to a mirror. If with 

 these we contrast the calyx of a Pea, Sage, or Tropcsolum, 

 it will be found that only one vertical section could be cut 

 so that the two halves are symmetrically similar ; and in 

 these cases the calyx is said to be irregular or zygomorphic. 

 A zygomorphic calyx may be two-lipped, as in the Gorse ; 

 spurred, as in Tropceolum and Larkspur ; or gibbous, when 

 the base is somewhat inflated behind as in Teucrium. 



The calyx of the Potentillas, Strawberry, &c., has 

 coherent stipules forming an epicalyx, and although 

 these cases must be distinguished morphologically from 

 the calyculus of imbricate bracts, close beneath the calyx 

 of the Pink, Mallow, &c., they are commonly regarded in 

 floras as if the origin was the same in both. 



The calyx in many flowers is persistent, that is to say 

 the sepals persist after all the other parts of the flower 

 have fallen or altered ; but it is deciduous when, as in the 

 Wallflower, Cabbage, &c., it falls with the petals. In the 

 Poppy the sepals are cast off so early, before the flower 

 expands, that the calyx is termed caducous, a state of 

 affairs which may betray the beginner into supposing an 

 expanded poppy flower to be monochlamydeous, until he 

 compares the buds, and observes the scars whence the 

 sepals have fallen. 



