HORNBEAM 



245 



3, scale of male catkin from in front ; 4, the same from the side, and 5 

 from inside, showing the stamens, of which two are also seen separated 

 and viewed from behind and from the front; 6 and 7, pair of female 

 flowers enveloped in their bracts and bracteoles; 8, a separated female 

 flower; 9, fruits and cupule; 10, fruits; 11, the fruit in section; 12, seeds; 

 13, buds; 14, seedling. 



A 



Fig. 79. Hornbeam, Carpinus Betulus. A, shoot bearing c? and ? 

 catkins. J5, cover-scale (catkin-scale) with its <? flower seen from within ; 

 C, a stamen ; D, cover-scale (catkin-scale) with its pair of ? flowers, from 

 within; E, a ? flower with its bract a and bracteoles a! /3'; F, the same 

 ripened to a fruit, and the bract and bracteoles fused to form the wing 

 (cupule) ; G, plan-diagram of D ; axis of catkin ; * missing central 

 flower of the dichasium. In all, b cover-scale ; a /3 bracts; a' /3' bracteoles 

 (Ei). 



** The <? catkins long, pendulous, cylindri- 

 cal, uninterrupted, and with closely im- 

 bricated scales; terminating axillary shoots 

 of the previous year. They are formed in 

 the late summer, and hang throughout 

 the winter to open very early in spring. 

 The 9 flowers in bud-like, sessile, axillary 



