280 ELM 



and has 2 stigmas. The 1 -seeded samara hangs for a 

 long time in spring like a round, green leaf. Tall and 

 usually narrow tree, with the leaves and twigs less coarse 

 and hairy than in U. montana. Flowers in small, hemi- 

 spherical tufts, on pedicels 1 2 mm. long. Perianth 

 rusty red, campanulate, margin white ciliate. Stamens 

 about 5, with rusty anthers, and 2 3 times as long as 

 the perianth. Flowers and pollen like that of U. montana. 

 Globoid, rough, with curved striae, and one large pore and 

 germinable seed even rarer. Fruit more or less obovate 

 10 15 (up to 25) x 8 20 mm., very short-stalked, 

 glabrous, whitish; the seed reddish and near the an- 

 terior notch. 



Fig. 102. Elm, Ulmus campestris. A, plan-diagram of a flowering 

 tuft in bud; a, p bracts ; 1 10, empty bud- scales (stipules) ; 11, 12, &c., the 

 same with flowers in the axils. They pass from distichous to spiral phyl- 

 lotaxy. B, diagram of flower; (7, floral diagram of Celtis, p. 279 (Ei). 



[Several varieties or sub-species of Elm are dis- 

 tinguished, of which the Cork Elm (U. suberosa, Ehr) is 

 only U. campestris with strongly developed corky ridges 

 on the branches. 



U. effusa, Willd., resembles U. campestris in most 

 respects, but has scaly bark and much pointed buds; 

 thinner leaves on shorter petioles; longer pedicels and 



