II] ACHENE 19 



In the cases quoted the achenes are superior fruits, 

 but in Composite (Dandelion, Sunflower, Thistle, &c.) 



Fig. 17. Dog Kose, Eosa canina. 1, flowering shoot ; 2, flower in 

 vertical section ; 3, the hip, and 4, the true fruit; 5, the latter in section; 

 6, floral diagram (Wo). 



the achene-like fruit is obviously inferior, and this class of 

 inferior achenes is termed a Cypsela. 



It is a very common event that an achene-like fruit has 

 the pericarp prolonged at one end (Ash (Fig. 18), Machce- 

 rium, &c.), or at one side (species of Ferreirea, Pterocarpus, 

 Platypodium, &c., Fig. 18), or at both ends (Ailanthus, 

 Fig. 19), or all round (Pterocarpus santalinus, Elm, Birch, 

 &c.), into a thin membranous wing, and such a fruit is 



22 



