24 DWARF-SHOOTS [CH. 



being in tufts. Still closer consideration shows that 

 dwarf-shoots and ordinary branches of unlimited growth 

 are not so sharply marked off from one another, but are 

 mutually convertible one into the other. 



Fig. 7. Scots Pine, Pinus sylvestris (D). 



Thus, in the Cedar and Larch, the tufts of leaves 

 which characterise these plants are borne on dwarf-shoots, 

 but it very commonly happens in wet summers that the 

 internodes lengthen, especially in the Larch, and we get 

 long whip-like twigs with the leaves separated by con- 

 siderable distances. On the other hand, observation of 

 the opening buds of the Horse-chestnut, Pine, Maple, 

 Currant, &c., in any spring show that even the long 

 branches begin as dwarf-shoots, and their lowermost 



