134 FASTIGIATE TREES 



(1) Crown fastigiate i.e. the branches and 

 twigs are erect and stiff, giving the whole 

 tree a very narrow besom-like appearance. 



(a) Old bark dark brown, deeply and widely fis- 

 sured and rugged; foliage bright green, of broad 

 trembling deciduous leaves, on numerous thin 

 twiggy upright shoots; catkins pendulous, seeds 

 minute comose. 



Populus nigra, v. pyramidalis, Desf. (Fig. 4). Up to 

 100 feet high and often planted in groves, forming a 

 conspicuous feature in the landscape since the masses of 

 foliage are dark. The female trees are not often seen. 

 It is a mere variety of the Black Poplar (see p. 213). 



Fastigiate varieties of a few other deciduous trees 

 occur, e.g. Oak. 



(b) Bark reddish-brown, stem channelled; but the 

 best characteristic is the dark evergreen foliage, 

 of small densely crowded scale-like leaves. Cones 

 rounded and short, of few quadrangular scales. 

 Seeds with slight border. 



Cupressus sempervirens, L. Roman Cypress (Fig. 55). 

 About 60 70 feet high, very dark and close foliage. A 

 fastigiate variety occasionally planted. Easily distinguished 

 from the Poplar by the evergreen foliage, cones, &c. 



There are other fastigiate forms of Conifers e.g. 

 Cupressus funebris, G. Lawsoniana, Taxus, &c. occasionally 

 seen. 



(2) Crown not fastigiate nor weeping. 



[For (b) (a) Crown expanded and depressed, forming an 



see p. 136.] umbrella-like or mushroom-like head on the 



elongated stem. Foliage tufted at the ends of 



the radiating branches, of acicular leaves in 



pairs. 



(i) Bark thick and reddish-grey, deeply 

 fissured, and stem knotty. Needles long 



