236 SPINY SHRUBS 



shrubs 3 6 feet high, with simple deciduous 

 leaves. 



Spines pulvinar, usually triple, hiding the 

 leaf -scar: twigs whitish-grey with dark 

 hairs, passing to grey-brown: not yellow 

 inside. Flowers in pairs or single, greenish. 

 Fruit a berry capped by calyx, &c. 



Ribes Grossularia, L. Gooseberry (Figs. 118, 119). A 

 densely branched bush 1 3 feet high. Branches with 

 greyish peeling periderm. Spines stiff, in some cases 

 single and scattered on the internodes as well. Leaves 

 lobed, pubescent, fascicled on dwarf- shoots. Buds pointed. 



00 Spines really leaves reduced to spines 

 quintuple or triple, somewhat reflexed and 

 pale-brown. Branches whitish or brownish- 

 grey, passing to fissured pale brown. Leaves 

 obovate, toothed, smooth. Flowers yellow, 

 in pendent racemes; berries oblong red. 



Berberis vulgaris, L. Barberry. Bushy shrub 4 6 

 feet high, or sometimes almost a small tree attaining 

 8 10 feet, with long over-hanging branches marked with 

 fine long fissures. Often somewhat tufted, or losing all 

 character in hedges. Wood brilliant yellow. Fruit acid. 

 Buds obtuse. The spines may be occasionally single or 

 divided into seven. 



tt Spines not pulvinar nor representing leaves, 

 neither with buds nor shoots in the axils, 

 and neither triple nor branched. 



rFor(OG) Spines on the margins of true leaves, as 



see p. 237.] spinescent teeth, or themselves subulate leaves. 



Evergreen shrubs. 



r~l Spines on the margins of the leaflets of 

 a pinnate glossy leaf. 



Berberis Aquifolium, Pursh. Mahonia. Evergreen 

 bush about 3 4 feet high, in all essentials except the 



