242 HONEYSUCKLE. DOGWOOD. ELDER 



OO Deciduous bush with dirty grey, slightly 

 pubescent twigs, small thin oval leaves, 

 yellow flowers, connate in pairs, and 

 crimson berries. 



Lonicera Xylosteum, L. Fly Honeysuckle. A stiffly 

 branched erect bush, about 5 7 feet high, with the bark 

 of the greyish branches and stems peeling or torn and 

 fibrous. The other two species of Lonicera are twiners 

 (see pp. 2202). 



ft Loosely or sparsely branched shrubs, with 

 long erect wand-like or switch -like withy 

 twigs, often as suckers. 



Long twigs blood-red, polished, passing to 

 red-brown or olive; leaves oval with curved 

 veins, crimson in autumn; flowers small, 

 white, in crowded corymbs; berries black. 



Cornus sanguined, L. Dogwood (Fig. 122). Shrub 

 attaining 10 15 feet in height, with olive-brown older 

 branches showing long fine fissures and rough lenticels. 

 The blackberries remain on late, and the intense colour 

 of the winter twigs, the hue of arterial or venous blood, 

 renders the plant unmistakable. 



Twigs and autumn leaves not bright red, 

 and venation not curved. 



l~~] Suckers and long wand-like twigs thick, 

 often slightly angular, smooth, grey or 

 yellowish, with much pith, and large dark 

 corky lenticels. Bark tawny-grey, rugged 

 and corky. Leaves pinnate. Flowers 

 white. Berries black-purple. 



Sambucus nigra, L. Elder. Shrubby, or a small tree 

 up to 30 feet high (see p. 183) with a peculiar odour when 

 bruised. Stems irregular, and branches tending to bend 

 over and send up long, erect, wand-like twigs. Leaf-scars 

 large; buds opening early, and ragged. 



