24 TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA 



smaller pendant cones, which are about %-1^4 inches 

 long, and persist for several or many years. The 

 Black Spruce is now being extensively lumbered and 

 shipped out over railroads that have recently been 

 extended up the mountain sides. 



10. Picea rubens Sargent. Red Spruce. 



This tree is very rare and small in our state and 

 is reported only from a few mountain swamps. It is 

 distinguished from the Black Spruce by the larger 

 cones, ! 3 / 16 -2 inches long, Which fall early, and by 

 the leaves not being glaucous. 



11. Abies Fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Balsam, Erasers' Fir. 



This is the true Balsam of the highest mountains. 

 Leaves fragrant, narrow, flattish, white below at least 

 when young ; cones 2-3 inches long, standing up- 

 right on the branches near the top of the tree. Here 

 and there in the bark are large blisters filled with 

 clear liquid resin, which may be used as a healing 

 lotion to cuts and for other uses to which Canada 

 Balsam (obtained from A. balsamea) is put. This 

 species does better in cultivation in the Southern 

 States than A. balsamea, and retains its beauty 

 longer. 



12. Tsuga canadensis (L.) Can*. Hemlock. 



Needles short, flat, about % inch long, with two 

 white streaks beneath ; cones small, about %-l 

 inch long. This fine Hemlock is plentiful in good 

 moist soil in the mountains, and is important for 



