TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA 51 



It is named from the corky wings along many of the 

 branches. Leaves small and nearly or quite smooth 

 above, minutely velvety below on the veins ; edge of 

 the fruit wings hairy. This elm is much inferior 

 to the other two as an ornamental, as it is smaller 

 and shorter lived. It propogates quite readily from 

 the seeds and must constantly be removed from bor- 

 ders, fences and rock walls. It is one of the few 

 trees that lightning does not kill. Dates of flower- 

 ing: March 1, 1903; February 26, 1908; January 

 12, 1909; February 28, 1910; March 17, 1912; 

 January 28, 1913; February 4, 1914; February 15, 

 1915; January 30, 1916. Examples: trees between 

 Davie Hall and the Chemistry building. 



69. Celtis occidentalis L. Hackberry. 



A large tree preferring streams and low grounds, 

 but also found to some extent in uplands. Bark rough 

 with corky warts; leaves 2-4 inches long, decidedly 

 one-sided, in our state usually smoothish, but some- 

 times with decidedly rough leaves on the same tree, 

 mostly ovate-lanceolate and with a long point, edges 

 usually toothed upward and entire below ; fruit small, 

 toothed upward and entire below; fruit small, 

 about 3-4 sixteenths of an inch in diameter, nearly 

 globular, purplish-'black, dry, sweet, but mostly stone. 

 The Hackberry is found over the entire state 

 except in a few of the most mountainous counties, 

 but is most abundant in the swamps of the coastal 

 plain. The variable character of this tree has led to 



