52 TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA 



the description of several forms that are treated as 

 species by most botanists. Our North Carolina tree 

 that we know is the form described as C. Smallii by 

 Beadle, but we cannot find differences that will hold 

 constant between this and C. crassifolia and C. occi- 

 denialis. (A very distinct species is C. georgiana 

 Small, which is a shrub of dry rocks and hills. The 

 leaves are small with few or no teeth and the fruits 

 are dun or black colored, on short stalks. It occurs 

 rather plentifully around Chapel Hill). Date of 

 flowering of C. occidentalis: April 18, 1915. 



70. Moras rubra L. Red Mulberry.* 



A rather scarce small tree of the low grounds 

 found throughout the state but most abundant in the 

 middle section. Leaves ovate, hairy, rough above 

 and soft tomentose below (the leaves on young plants 

 may be very large and variously lobed) ; fruits red or 

 black, edible. Dates of flowering: April 4, 1903; 



* White Mulberry (Morns ana L.), a small tree with smooth 

 and shining leaves and whitish fruits, a native of the Old World, 

 is imperfectly naturalized at Chapel Hill. Example : tree by tennis 

 court in grove east of Arboretum. This is an attractive small tree 

 that is quite desirable for narrow streets and lawns, but only male 

 trees should be planted in such places, as the abundant fruits are 

 a nuisance under foot. It is well to plant a female tree in the 

 border for the use of the birds. Dates of flowering : March 27, 

 1903 ; March 28, 1909 ; March 27, 1916. 



Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.), sprouts 

 freely from the roots, and has commonly escaped as a troublesome 

 weed. It is a small tree with greenish bark, hairy twigs, and leaves 

 that ai'e rough above and velvety beneath. Our trees are all male 

 and do not bear fruit. Examples : trees in low place on Rosemary 

 Street, near the old Mangum Place. Dates of flowering : April 6, 

 1903 ; April 19, 1909 ; April 4, 1910. 



Osage Orange (Madura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider), though 

 not native east of the Mississippi, has been much cultivated and 

 is occasionally found spontaneous at Chapel Hill. A thorny tree 

 with shiny ovate leaves, and large yellowish fruits on the female 

 trees. Examples : trees in hedge along north wall of the campus and 

 a young tree in meadow of Bowlin's Creek southwest of Mt. Bolus. 

 Date of flowering: May 10, 1916. 



