Buckthorn (Rhamnacece) 61 



Found, in damp and shady places from New York to 

 Illinois, and southward. 



An upright or sometimes straggling shrub, two to five 

 feet high. 



* 



10. Family RHAMNACE^. (Buckthorn Fam.) 



Flowers, greenish or white, small and regular (sometimes with the^ 

 petals wanting). Petals, when present, four to five, not united 

 Sepals, four to five. Stamens, of the same number as the petals, 

 and alternate with them. Seed-case, free from the calyx, or some- 

 times united to it, two- to five-celled. Seeds, one in each cell. 

 Stamens and petals inserted along the edge of a fleshy disk, which 

 lines the tube of the calyx, and in Ceanothus unites it to the lower 

 part of the seed-case 



Leaves, simple, alternate, fine-toothed. 



Fruit, a berry-like drupe or a capsule. 



GUIDE TO THE GENERA. 



Flowers, greenish; Fruit fleshy and berry- ) / >. T,,, 



like; a drupe. \ ( J ) Rh amnus (Buckthorns). 



Flowers, white ; Fruit dry and at length split- } , \ ^ , Al _ /XT T 



ting ; a capsule. f (2) Ceanothus ( New J er *ey Tea, etc.). 



(i) Genus RHAMNUS, Tourn. (Buckthorns.) 

 Fig. 1 6. Lance- Leaved Buckthorn. R. lanceolata, Pursh. 



Flowers, yellowish-green, small, at the sides of the 

 branches; found sometimes in two slightly different 

 forms on different bushes, but both forms perfect. 

 Petals, four and deeply notched. Sepals, four. Sta- 

 mens, four. Seed-case, free, two- to four-celled. May. 



Leaves, oval and .oblong, pointed, or on the flowering 

 shoots sometimes blunted. 



Fruit, about the size of a small pea, black and fleshy. 

 Seeds, two, deeply grooved ; a berry-like drupe. 



Found, from Pennsylvania to Illinois and Tennessee, 



and westward. 

 A tall, unarmed shrub. 



