ARBUTUS 201 



(sometimes as Gaultheria furiens) in the extreme south and south-western 

 counties, and in Ireland, where it flowers in April and May. 



A. ANDRACHNE, Linnceus. 



An evergreen tree, 30 to 40 ft. high in a wild state, but usually a shrub 10 

 to 20 ft. high in Great Britain ; young shoots smooth ; bark on older branches 

 smooth and reddish brown. Leaves oval, usually 2 to 4 ins. long, i to 2 ins. 

 wide, dark glossy green above, paler below, smooth, toothed in young 

 specimens and on very vigorous shoots, but entire in the adult normal state ; 

 stalks ^ to i in. long. Flowers produced during March and April in terminal, 

 downy*panicles, 2 to 4 ins. long and wide ; corolla pitcher-shaped, J in. long, 

 dull white, with five shallow, reflexed Jobes at the contracted mouth ; calyx 

 lobes ovate, pointed ; flower-stalks glandular-hairy. Fruit globose, ^ in. 

 diameter, much smoother than that of A. Unedo, orange red. 



Native of S.E. Europe, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region ; 

 introduced from Smyrna in 1724. It is but little known in cultivation, nearly 

 all the plants so-called being A. hybrida. From A. Unedo it is distinguished 

 by its comparatively broader, entire leaves and smooth shoots ; and from 

 A. Menziesii by the leaves being less glaucous beneath, the smaller panicles, 

 and the more, compact, habit. 



A. HYBRIDA, Ker-Gawhr. 



(Bot. Reg. t. 619 ; A. andrachnoides, Z *>//-.) 



A hybrid between A Andrachne and A. Unedo, intermediate in many 

 respects between the two, and very variable within the limits set by the parent 

 species, sometimes leaning more to one species, now more to the other. The 

 leaf-stalks and young branches are glandular-hairy, but not so much so as in 

 A. Unedo ; sometimes they show it only when quite young, and not very much 

 even then. The leaves are toothed, rather glaucous beneath, and intermediate 

 in size. Flowers produced in late autumn or in spring, in terminal, glandular- 

 downy panicles, white, pitcher-shaped, \ in. long. Fruit not so rough nor so 

 large as in A. Unedo. 



Found wild in Greece, where both the parent species occur, and said also 

 to have been raised by Messrs Osborn of Fulham about 1800. On the whole 

 it is the most useful as it is the commonest of the genus. Several of its finest 

 forms have been given names, such as magnifica, photinaefolia, Rollissoni, all 

 notable for their fine foliage and goodly sized trusses. It is distinct from 

 A. Andrachne in the toothed leaves, and from A. Unedo in having them 

 slightly glaucous beneath and longer-stalked. 



Var. QUERCIFOLIA. Leaf-margin set with large, irregular teeth, especially 

 towards the apex. 



A. MENZIESII, Pursh. MADRONA. 



(Bot. Mag., t. 8249 ; A. procera, Douglas, Bot. Reg., t. 1753.) 



An evergreen tree, reaching in its native state heights of 20 to 100 ft., with 

 a trunk i to 6 ft. in thickness ; in Britain it has not yet exceeded 50 ft. in 

 height, and is usually 20 to 30 ft. Young shoots quite smooth ; bark peeling, 

 and, on the older branches and trunk, leaving the wood perfectly clean, and 

 of a striking cinnamon colour. Leaves oval, 2 to 6 ins. long, i to 3 ins. wide ; 

 toothed on young plants or very vigorous shoots, but mostly with entire 

 margins ; dark glossy green above, glaucous or almost white beneath ; stalk 

 \ to i ins. long. Flowers produced during May in a terminal pyramidal 

 panicle, from 3 to 9 ins. long and up to 6 ins. wide ; corolla pitcher-shaped, 



