HERBERTS 237 



unusual severity. Leaves leathery, even hard in texture, produced in tufts 

 in the axils of stiff triple spines, or (near the end of the shoots) simple spines. 

 Each leaf is to I in. long, obovate or oblong, tapered at the base to a short 

 stalk, spine-tipped but otherwise quite entire, smooth. Flowers solitary on 

 stalks | to i in. long, amber yellow ; one or two flowers spring from each tuft 

 of leaves. Fruit globular or orange-shaped, dark purple. 



An old inhabitant of gardens, having been 'introduced about 1826 by 

 Anderson, the botanical collector attached to Capt. King's expedition to survey 

 the Magellan Straits. Seeds were sent to Mr Low's nursery at Clapton, and a 

 plant flowered there in 1831. It is the first of the true barberries to flower, its 

 blossoms appearing early in April, sometimes in March. The berries are said 

 to be used for conserves, etc., in Chile, where it extends in a wild state from 

 the Straits of Magellan as far north as Valdivia. A fine example, 13 ft. high 

 and 28 ft. through, is in Sir H. Maxwell's garden at Monreith, planted in 1872. 



Var. AUREO-MARGINATA has its leaves edged with golden yellow. 



Var. NANA is a curious dwarf form, of tufted habit, producing a thick mass 

 of weak, unarmed stems rarely more than 18 ins. high ; leaves larger, rounder 

 than in the type ; flowers rarely seen. 



B. CANADENSIS, Miller. AMERICAN BARBERRY. 



(B. angulizans, Hort.) 



A deciduous shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, with the branchlets not downy, but 

 thickly covered with small, warty lenticels, and armed with three-parted spines. 

 Leaves narrowly obovate, from I to "2\ ins. long, tapering very gradually at the 

 base, the apex rounded or acute, but always terminating in a short spine, the 

 margin toothed, sometimes remotely so, sometimes almost entire, smooth. 

 Racemes i to i| ins. long, bearing from six to twelve yellow flowers. Fruit 

 oval or nearly globose, red. 



The specific name of this barberry is a misnomer, for it does not appear to 

 be a native of any part of Canada, its real home being on the slopes of the 

 Allegheny Mountains in Virginia, North Carolina, etc., where it is oftenest 

 found on the banks of mountain streams. It is. closely related to the Old 

 World B. vulgaris, but it is not quite so attractive a shrub ; it differs in its 

 paler and more glaucous leaves, its smaller flowers, its shorter, almost 

 corymbose racemes, and in its shorter, rounder fruit. It has been cultivated in 

 this country since the middle of the eighteenth century, but is now rarely seen. 



B. CANDIDULA, C. K. Schneider. 



(B. Walhchiana pallida, Hort. ; B. W. hypoleuca, 



An evergreen, dwarf shrub of dense, hemispherical habit, probably never 

 much more than 2 ft. high ; the branches rigidly arching, quite smooth when 

 young, bright brown, armed at each joint with a trio of stiff, sharp, pale brown 

 spines, up to f in. long. Leaves produced in tufts in the axils of the spines, 

 dark shining green above, vividly blue-white beneath ; \ to i ins. long, 

 \ to f in. wide ; oblong or narrowly oval, terminated by a minute, slender 

 spine, and armed with a few similar ones on the recurved margins ; very 

 shortly stalked. Flowers bright yellow, somewhat globose, f in. across, 

 solitary, on a slender stalk about \ in. long. Fruit oval, covered with a 

 purple bloom. 



Native of China ; first collected by Farges, and raised in 1895 by M. Maurice 

 de Vilmorin. It flowered in 1900, and was figured in the Fruticctum 

 Vilmorinianum, p. 15, as "B. Wallichiana var. pallida." It has since been 



