CALYCANTHUS 283 



closely allied winter-sweets (Chimonanthus) these differ in their more 

 numerous stamens and brown-purple or brown-red flowers produced on 

 leafy shoots. 



The species of Calycanthus are easily accommodated; they like a 

 sunny position in order that the wood may ripen and flowers be freely 

 borne. Any open, loamy, or peaty soil will suit them, provided it is 

 sufficiently deep and moist. They are most easily propagated by layers 

 in this country, where seeds do not usually ripen. Sucker-growths are 

 sent up from the base, and these sometimes afford opportunities for 

 propagating by division. These shrubs flower from July to September. 



C. FERTILIS, Walter. 



(Bot. Reg., t. 404 ; C. glaucus, Willdcnow.') 



A shrub of bushy habit, 6 ft. or more high. Leaves 3 to 5 ins. long, ovate 

 or oval, acute or often acuminate ; dark glossy green, and rough above, 

 glaucous and slightly downy beneath. Flowers with little or no scent, i to 

 2^ ins. diameter, the strap-shaped sepals and petals chocolate-purple. 



Native of the south-eastern United States, covering some of the same area 

 as C. floridus, with which species it has been much confused. It was brought 

 to England in 1806. The leaves of this species do not possess the aromatic 

 odour so characteristic of the West American species, and the wood is only 

 slightly fragrant. Summer leaf-buds concealed by base of leaf-stalk. 



Var. L/EVIGATUS (C. laevigatus, Willdenow j C. nanus, Loiseleur). This 

 shrub, by some considered a distinct species, chiefly differs from typical 

 C. fertilis by the leaves being shining green and not downy beneath. Several 

 intermediate forms exist. 



C. FLORIDUS, Linnaus. CAROLINA ALLSPICE. 



(Bot. Mag., t. 503 ; C. sterilis, Walter ; Butneria florida, Kearney?) 



A deciduous shrub of rather struggling growth, ultimately 6 to 8 ft. or even 

 more high. Leaves 3 to 5 ins. long, oval, tapered at the base, rough to the 

 touch and dark green above ; soft, with a dense covering of short, pale down 

 beneath. Flowers 2 ins. or less in diameter, fragrant, produced in June and 

 July ; sepals and petals strap-shaped, numerous, reddish purple, tinged with 

 brown. 



Native of the south-east United States, from Virginia southwards ; first 

 introduced to England by Mark Catesby, the author of the Natural History 

 of Carolina, in 1726. According to old records the original plants were 

 collected "back of Charlestown," in S. Carolina. It is easily distinguished 

 from the other species by the densely pubescent under-surface of the leaves. 

 The leaves, wood, and roots have a pleasant, camphor-like fragrance, which 

 is even more developed in the dried wood. The bark has been used as a 

 substitute for cinnamon. Summer leaf-buds concealed. 



C. MOHRII is closely allied to the above, but has ovate rather than 

 oval leaves, rounded or somewhat heart-shaped at the base. Native of 

 S. Tennessee and N. Alabama ; distinguished under this name by Dr Small 

 in 1903, and introduced in 1908. It appears probable, however, that it was 

 in cultivation at Kew in 1789 as C, ovatus, Alton. 



