CELTIS -CEPH AL ANTHUS 329 



4 



except C. Davidiana, in its glabrous leaves, and from that species is distin- 

 guished by the conspicuous incurved teeth extending almost all round the 

 margins. 



C. MISSISSIPPIENSIS, Bosc. MISSISSIPPI SUGARBERRY. 



A tree 60 to 80 ft. high in its native country, with a trunk 6 to 9 ft. in 

 girth ; young shoots smooth. Leaves 3 ins. long, i \ ins. wide ; lanceolate or 

 oval-lanceolate ; rounded or wedge-shaped, unequal and three-nerved at the 

 base ; long and taper-pointed ; margins entire or nearly so ; dark green, and 

 soon quite smooth above, paler beneath, with scattered hairs on the veins and 

 tufts of down in .the vein-axils ; stalks at first downy then smooth, to \ in. 

 long. Fruit egg-shaped, in. long, orange-red. 



Native of the southern United States ; very rare in cultivation. There is a 

 small healthy tree at Kew, raised from seed sent by Prof. Sargent in 1877. It 

 is distinct from all other cultivated species by its leaves being without teeth. 



C. OCCIDENTALS, Linnczus. SUGARBERRY. 



A tree up to 130 ft. high in a wild state (Sargent), with a trunk 6 to 12 ft. in 

 girth ; in cultivation in Britain it is rarely more than 50 to 60 ft. high ; bark 

 grey, rough, with corky excrescences ; young branchlets smooth or nearly so. 

 Leaves ovate, with an unequal, rounded, or somewhat heart-shaped base ; 

 usually long and taper-pointed ; 2 to 4 ins. long, i to 2 ins. wide ; sharply 

 toothed except towards the base, without or nearly without down and only 

 slightly rough above ; downy on the midrib and veins beneath : stalk \ to \ in. 

 long. Fruit ^ in. across, globose, yellowish or reddish, finally dark purple 

 when ripe, borne on a slender stalk \ to f in. long. This tree is variable in a 

 state of nature in regard to stature, foliage, form and colour of fruit, etc. ; but 

 these variations although great are not clearly correlated. Two forms, how- 

 ever, appear to be distinguishable from the type, and are by some botanists 

 regarded as species, viz. : 



Var. CRASSIFOLIA (C. crassifolia, Lamarck). This is chiefly distinguished 

 by its invariably downy young shoots, and its often heart-shaped, much larger 

 leaves (2 to 6 ins. long, i to 3 ins. wide), very rough on the upper surface. In 

 cultivation this is a vigorous tree, .making arching or pendulous shoots several 

 feet long in a season, clothed with big leaves sometimes as much as 7 ins. by 

 4^ ins. Fruit the same as in occidentalis, except that it is commonly longer 

 sfalked. 



Var. PUMILA (C. pumila, Pursk). Dwarf, often a mere shrub. 



The sugarberry is the commonest species of Celtis in English gardens, and 

 thrives the best. It was introduced in 1656. Var. crassifolia, distinguished 

 by Emerson as the "hackberry," was introduced, according to Loudon, in 

 1812, but probably earlier. These are native of Eastern N. America. Var. 

 pumila, introduced to Kew from the Arnold Arboretum in 1905, extends more 

 to the west, Colorado, Utah, etc. 



CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS, Linnceus. BUTTON-BUSH. 



RUBIACE^:. 



A deciduous shrub from 3 to 6 ft., occasionally 10 ft. high, with 

 smooth, shining, olive-green young stems. Leaves opposite, in pairs 

 or in threes, oval or ovate, 2 to 5 ins. long, about half or scarcely half 

 as wide ; tapering at both ends, smooth and glossy dark green above, 



