400 CORYLUS 



charm in great degree which even the humblest flower possesses to some ' 

 extent at that early season. The female flowers, too, sometimes give a 

 quite effective red haze in sunshine. C. Colurna is a striking tree, and 

 the new C. chinensis is of similar although possibly not so robust habit. 

 C. rostrata and C. mandschurica have remarkable fruits. The attention 

 of those who admire purple shrubs may be directed to C. maxima 

 atropurpurea. 



They all thrive well in a loamy soil, and are very suitable for chalky 

 districts. The sorts grown for their fruit are most fertile on soil of 

 moderate quality. In this country C. Colurna needs some attention to 

 ensure the formation of a good clean trunk by watching, and, if necessary, 

 training up the leading shoot, and removing lower branches and suckers. 

 As to propagation, most of the hardy sorts can be increased by taking 

 off the suckers ; if these do not form, layering should be adopted, and for 

 the genuine species seed is usually obtainable. They bear transplanting 

 well. 



The species of Corylus are very much alike in leaf, and are best 

 distinguished by habit and by the form of the husk. The following ten 

 species may be classed as follows : 



I. TREES. 

 ' J?, urna '. I Husk fringed with numerous segments ^ to I in. long. 



3. Tibetica. Husk very spiny, like a sweet chestnut. 



II. SHRUBS. 



4. Americana. \ 



5. Avellana. j-Husk open at the end, showing the nut. 



6. Heterophylla.} 



7. Mandschurica. \Husk bristly, hairy, and downy, protruded beyond the nut into a long 



8. Rostrata. j beak and hiding it. 



9. Sieboldiana. Like Nos. 7 and 8, but with a beak only one-third as long. 



IO. Maxima. Husk about twice as long as 1 the nut, downy, but not bristly hairy, 



C. AMERICANA, Walter. AMERICAN HAZEL. 



A shrub up to 8 or 10 ft. high ; young shoots glandular-hairy. Leaves 

 broadly oval or ovate to roundish, coarsely, irregularly, or doubly toothed, 

 heart-shaped or rounded at the base, pointed ; 2 to 5 ins long, i^ to 3^ ins. 

 wide ; upper surface with scattered hairs, downy beneath ; stalk \ to \ in. Jong, 

 glandular-hairy. Male catkins i| to 3 ins. long. Nut roundish, egg-shaped, 

 about \ in. long, slightly flattened and set in a husk (involucre), which is 

 nearly double its length, downy, much and deeply toothed. 



Native of Eastern N. America; introduced in 1798. The American hazel 

 is very similar in habit to C. Avellana, 'but does not grow so high in this 

 country. It is readily distinguished from it in fruit by the involucre being so 

 much longer. Compared with C. Avellana, it is of no value as a nut-bearer in 

 this country, and is scarcely needed except for botanical collections. 



C. AVELLANA. Ljnnczus. HAZEL or COBNUT. 



A shrub 12 to 20 ft. high, sometimes with the habit of a small tree, but 

 usually forming a dense thicket of erect, much-branched stems, renewing itself 

 by sucker growths from the base ; young shoots glandular-downy. Leaves 

 roundish or obovate, heart-shaped at the base, 2 to 4 ins. long, ii to 3 ins. 





