402 CORYLUS 



downy. Leaves T.\ to 6 ins. long, 2 to 4^ ins. wide ; broadly oval, obovate or 

 ovate, pointed (sometimes abruptly) at the apex, heart-shaped at the base, 

 coarsely double-toothed or almost lobed ; upper side dark green, lower one 

 downy along the midrib and veins ; stalk | to I in. long, glandular-downy 

 at first, afterwards smooth. Male catkins 2 to 3 ins. long. Nuts \ to in. 

 diameter, the husk (involucre) in which it is set i\ ins. across, fringed with 

 numerous narrow pointed lobes \ to i in. long, covered with a fine down 

 freely mixed with which are gland-tipped bristles. The nuts are closely 

 clustered three or more together. 



Native of S.E. Europe and Asia Minor ; introduced to England about the 

 middle of the seventeenth century. There are some fine specimens in old 

 English gardens, notably at Syon House, near Brentford. The tree is well 

 worth growing for its stately form, so remarkable for a hazel, and for its 

 curiously enveloped nuts. It thrives very well in the hot summers and 

 cold winters of Central Europe, and has there a usually short trunk with the 

 bottom branches touching the ground, the whole tree forming a lofty 

 pyramid. I have seen trees of this character near Hanover, and at 

 Schonbrufin, 70 to 80 ft. high. 



C. JACQUEMONTII, Decaisne (C. lacera, Wallich\ is the Himalayan 

 representative of C. Colurna. It differs from that species chiefly in the 

 husk of the nut having few or no glandular bristles mixed with the down, and 

 in the leaves being more distinctly obovate and sharply lobed and toothed. 

 It thrives well at Kew, and bore nuts there in 1912. It commences to grow in 

 spring two or three weeks in advance of C. Colurna. 



C. HETEROPHYLLA, Fischer. JAPANESE HAZEL. 



A shrub or small tree up to 20 ft. high ; young shoots and leaf-stalks 

 glandular-hairy. Leaves variously shaped, often obovate, broadest near the 

 apex, where they are cut off straight with the exception of a short, abrupt point ; 

 base often narrowed, always heart-shaped ; unevenly toothed, often slightly 

 lobed ; downy beneath, especially on the midrib and veins. Nuts usually 

 solitary or in pairs ; the husk f to I in. long, downy on the margin, cut into 

 large triangular teeth \ to j in. deep. 



Native of Japan and China, where it appears to represent C. Avellana, 

 just as C. americana does in the New World. It is recognisable in fruit by 

 the more regularly toothed husk. The leaves do not differ much, and some 

 of identical shape are to be found on both species, but those of C. Avellana 

 are, in general, not so much lobed. 



C. MANDSHURICA, Maximowicz. MANCHURlAN HAZEL, 



A shrub up to 12 or 15 ft. high, its largest leaves 5 or 6 ins. long and 4 ins. 

 wide ; ordinarily 3 or 4 ins. long, roundish obovate, heart-shaped at the base, 

 pointed, the ^terminal part doubly toothed or even shallowly lobed ; stalk 

 , \ to i in. long. Nut conical, ^ in. long, the husk covered with pale brown 

 bristles as well as down, and "drawn out at the apex into a slender beak 

 protruding i J to i^ ins. beyond the nut and quite enclosing it. 



Native of Manchuria and N. China ; introduced to Kew in 1882 by the 

 late Dr Bretschneider, and about ten years later by Prof. Sargent. It 

 is quite hardy, and has borne good crops of its remarkable and handsome 

 fruits. These occur in pendent clusters of three or four, the bases touching 

 and the -long beaks standing out horizontally. During the summer the husk 

 is prettily suffused with purple. It is closely allied to and may be regarded 

 as the Asiatic representative of C. rostrata, differing chiefly in the more 

 distinctly lobed terminal portion of the leaves, which are also longer stalked, 

 rounder, and broader. 



