CRAT^GUS 423 



V 



species. C. stipulacea (g.v.} has yellow fruit, not tapered where it joins the stalk, 

 and its calyx-lobes are less conspicuously gland-toothed. It has been suggested 

 that C. Carrierei is a hybrid between C. punctata and C. Crus-galli, although 

 the latter is a glabrous tree, and even C. punctata is less shaggy than its 

 supposed offspring. The dotted fruits resemble C. punctata, and their 

 persistence on the tree is characteristic of C. Crus-galli, but the suggestion is 

 not convincing. It is one of the handsomest of all thorns, either in foliage, 

 flower, or fruit. C. Lavallei, which first appeared in the arboretum of Segrez 

 in France, is now generally regarded as the same thing. 



C. CHLOROSARCA, Maximowicz. 



A small, mostly unarmed tree, of pyramidal habit ; young shoots stout, 

 warted, slighty hairy at first, becoming by autumn deep brown-purple, with 

 large, almost black buds. Leaves 2 to 3! ins. long, nearly as wide at the base, 

 triangular or broadly ovate, broadly wedge-shaped towards the stalk, rather 

 shallowly seven- or nine-lobed, the lobes finely toothed, both sides hairy, the 

 upper one becoming smooth, very dark green ; stalk \ to f in. long ; stipules 

 gland-toothed. Flowers white, \ in. across ; produced in corymbs 2 ins. in 

 diameter ; outside of calyx and flower-stalks hairy ; calyx-lobes minutely 

 toothed ; stamens twenty ; styles five. Fruit black, in. diameter, flattened- 

 globose. 



Native of Manchuria and Japan ; recently spread in gardens, where it is 

 admired for the deep colouring of its branchlets. It is only likely to be 

 confused with dsungarica, which has also black fruit ; C. chlorosarca is distin- 

 guished from it by the shallower lobes of the leaves, their abrupter points, and 

 finer teeth. 



C. COCCINEA, Linncsus. SCARLET HAW. 



A tree up to 20 ft. high, with a wide-spreading head ; young shoots at 

 first more or less covered with loose white hairs which soon fall away, leaving 

 them smooth, shining brown ; thorns up to 2 ins. long. Leaves oval, diamond- 

 shaped, or obovate ; always wedge-shaped at the base, pointed at the apex, 

 the upper half shallowly lobed, finely toothed, the teeth gland-tipped ; I to 3 

 ins. long, f to 2 ins. wide ; at first downy above, becoming smooth and glossy ; 

 hairy on the midrib and chief veins beneath ; stalk ^ to I in. long. Flowers 

 white, ^ to | in. diameter, borne during May in corymbs 2 to 3 ins. across ; 

 flower-stalks and calyx more or less shaggy with whitish hairs ; stamens ten, 

 anthers yellow ; styles three or four. Fruit pendulous, red, globose but rather 

 flattened at the top, ^ in. or less in diameter. 



Native of N. America from Newfoundland to Connecticut ; introduced, 

 according to Aiton, in 1683. Long confused in gardens with mollis (g.v.}. 



Var. ROTUNDIFOLIA, Sargent (C. glandulosa, Aiton; C. rotundifolia, 

 MoencK). A distinct variety, sometimes regarded as a species. Except for a 

 slight down sometimes on the flower-stalks and inside of the sepals, it is quite 

 smooth. It is also a smaller, more shrub-like tree than C. coccinea, and its 

 thorns, perhaps, are more plentiful. 



Allied to C. coccinea is C. HOLMESIANA, Ashe, but it differs in having the 

 flower-stalks smooth or nearly so, and the stamens only five to seven to each 

 flower. Native of N. America from Montreal to Pennsylvania, etc. Introduced 

 under its present name first in 1901, but probably in cultivation before as 

 C. coccinea. 



Other species of the same group are C. ACUTILOBA, Sargent^ and C. COCCIN- 

 IOIDES, Ashe. They have leaves much broader at the base, and rounded, 

 truncate, or even slightly heart-shaped. C. acutiloba, for long known in gardens 

 as C. coccinea var. indentata, is found wild in the province of Quebec ; its leaf- 



