428 CRAT^EGUS 



similar to pirmatifida ; calyx and flower-stalks downy. Fruits deep shining 

 red, marked with minute dots, between pear-shaped and globose, i in. across, 

 deeply hollowed at the top. When a tree is well furnished with the pendulous 

 clusters of these large fruits it is remarkably handsome. This is, indeed, one 

 of the most striking and effective of all the thorns. It is only slightly or not 

 at all spiny. In October 1886, it was awarded a first-class certificate by the 

 Royal Horticultural Society, but had been in cultivation long previously. 

 Native of N. China. 



C. HENRYI, Dunn, is nearly allied to the above, but its ovate or lozenge- 

 shaped leaves are only shallowly lobed, 3 to 4^ ins. long, smooth except for 

 tufts of down in the vein-axils beneath ; stalk if ins. long. Flowers f in. 

 across ; stalks and calyx smooth. Discovered in Yunnan by Henry, and later 

 by Wilson in W. Hupeh, China. Probably in cultivation as young plants. 



C. LEEANA, London. LEE'S THORN. 



(C. Dippeliana, Lange ; C. Celsiana, Dippel?) 



The origin of this handsome thorn is unknown. It was at one time 

 believed to have been raised in Lee's nursery at Hammersmith, and is, no 

 doubt, of garden origin a hybrid in whose origin one of the orientalis group 

 of thorns has shared. The suggestion has been made that it is a hybrid 

 between tanacetifolia and punctata, but it is difficult to see where the latter 

 species is in evidence. Leaves ij to 3 ins. long, f to 2 ins. wide; broadly 

 ovate, sometimes obovate, with seven to eleven lobes reaching from one-third 

 to half-way to the midrib ; coarsely toothed ; deep green and hairy at first 

 above, becoming almost smooth by the end of the season ; more densely and 

 permanently hairy beneath ; stalk up to f in. long. Flowers f to I in. 

 diameter, white, produced very freely in mid-June ; calyx and flower-stalk 

 hairy like the young twigs ; stamens eighteen to twenty-two. Fruit dull red, 

 to in. across. No doubt closely allied to the tansy-leaved thorn, this is 

 quite as handsome in flower, and it grows more robustly. The leaves are 

 larger ; the fruit smaller and red. 



C. MACRACANTHA, Koehne. 



A tree up to 15 ft. or more high, and perhaps the most formidably armed 

 of all thorns, the spines being sometimes 4 or 5 ins. long, and very abundant ; 

 young shoots reddish brown, smooth. Leaves roundish oval or obovate, 2 to 

 4 ins. long, i^ to 3 ins. wide ; tapered more or less at the base, pointed at the 

 apex, the upper part usually more or less lobed, sharply toothed ; dark green, 

 leathery, smooth above except when young ; remaining downy beneath, 

 although finally only on the parallel veins (of which there are six or seven 

 pairs) and the midrib ; stalk j to f in. long. Flowers white, f in. across, 

 produced in May and June in corymbs 2 or 3 ins. wide ; flower-stalk either 

 downy or not ; calyx-lobes narrow, downy inside, glandular-toothed ; stamens 

 eight to ten, anthers yellow. Fruit globose, bright crimson, \ to \ in. 

 diameter. 



Native of Eastern N. America ; introduced in 1819. It is one of the 

 most remarkable of all thorns in the extraordinary number and size of its 

 thorns, even larger than in Crus-galli. It is also one of the handsomest in 

 fruit, a good grower, and very hardy. It was at one time associated with 

 C. coccinea as a variety, but the longitudinal cavities on the inner face of the 

 seed (nutlet) are regarded as showing its relationship with the tomentosa 

 group. It differs from both C. tomentosa and C. succulenta in having not 

 more than ten stamens, and yellow anthers. 



