EUONYMUS 539 



yellowish white tinged with pmk, indented at the top, often unequal sided 

 through the non-development of the seed in one or more lobes ; lobes angle- 

 edged when barren, quite rounded when fertile. Seed-coat (or aril) orange- 

 coloured. 



Native of N. China, Manchuria, etc. Seeds were sent to Kew by the late 

 Dr Bretschneider from N. China in 1883, which represent, so far as I am 

 aware, its first introduction. In sunnier climates than ours it bears fruit 

 abundantly and regularly. With us it grows well and flowers freely, but a fine 

 crop of fruit is rather exceptional. On such an occasion, however, the shrub 

 is extremely effective. 



E. fcUROP.EUS, Linn&US. SPINDLE-TREE. 



A deciduous shrub or small tree, from 10 to 25 ft. high, forming a spreading, 

 bushy head, often naked towards the ground, not downy in any part. Leaves 

 narrowly oval, sometimes inclined to ovate or obovate, I to 3^ ins. long. \ to i^ 

 ins. wide ; slender-pointed, tapered at the base, minutely toothed ; stalk j to J 

 in. long. Cymes slender-stalked, i to i^ ins. long, usually three- or five- 

 flowered (sometimes more) ; flowers yellowish green, ^ in. across ; petals and 

 stamens four. Fruit red, i to f in. across ; seed-coat orange-coloured. 



Native of Europe, including the British Isles. There is no more beautiful 

 or striking object in autumn than a fine spindle-tree well laden with fruit. It 

 has a number of varieties, some distinguished by the fruit, others by the foliage. 

 One may frequently see it in gardens as a small tree with a well-formed single 

 trunk, and Loudon records trees 25 to 35 ft. high in Scotland. The wood is 

 hard, and was in earlier times much favoured for making spindles, hence the 

 popular name. 



Var. AUCUB^EFOLIUS. Leaves blotched with yellow ; rather unsightly. 



Var. FRUCTU-ALBO. Fruits white. Although this does not produce the 

 rich effect of the type, it is very striking in contrast with it. 



Var. PURPUREUS. Young shoots and leaves suffused with purple. There 

 are also white and yelkrw variegated forms of no value (argenteo-variegatis and 

 aureo-variegatis). 



E. JAPONICUS, Thunberg. EVERGREEN SPINDLE-TREE 



An evergreen shrub or small tree of densely leafy, bushy habit, 10 to 1 5, 

 sometimes 25 ft. high, free from down in all its parts. Leaves obovate to 

 narrowly oval, I to 3 ins. long, f to if ins. wide ; leathery, dark polished 

 green, tapered at the base, usually ' blunt or rounded at the apex, obscurely 

 round-toothed ; stalk \ to ^ in. long. Flowers \ in. across, four-parted, 

 greenish white, five to twelve in stoutly stalked cymes. Fruit smooth, globose, 

 ^ in. across, pinkish ; seed-coat pale orange. 



Native of Japan; introduced in 1804. Although tender in cold districts, 

 this species is hardy over the south of England, only occasionally being 

 injured. It is a handsome and cheerful evergreen much used in south coast 

 watering-places for hedges, where the sea air seems to suit it. In Italian 

 and Dalmatian gardens it is planted to a wearisome extent, and is now 

 badly affected by a mildew (Oidium Euonymi-japonica}. During a recent 

 journey I noticed! it to be free of this in one place only, which was the 

 public garden at Venice, an immunity perhaps due to the isolated nature 

 of the city. The same disease was very bad in Bournemouth a few years 

 ago, but latterly has been less noticeable. Patches are -sometimes seen at 

 Kew, but it is apparently not so prevalent inland. A remedy is to spray the 

 plants with a solution of liver of sulphur, I oz. to 2 galls, of water. 



Var. ALBO-MARGINATUS. Leaves with a thin margin of white. 



Var. AUREUS. Centre of leaf bright yellow with only a marginal line of 



