JUGLANS 663 



shoot into a series of chambers; and by the unbranched male catkins. 

 In Carya the pith is continuous, and the male catkins three-branched. 



In gardens, Juglans is seldom represented except by the common 

 walnut, grown for its nuts, and by the black walnut, grown for its stately 

 form and noble foliage. The striking group of North Asiatic species 

 cordiformis, cathayensis, stenocarpa, etc. is scarcely known, yet in a 

 young state their leaves are 2 to 3 ft. long. Hopes have been entertained 

 that the same group may prove of value for their edible nuts, which they 

 bear, many together, in clusters, but I do not think that they, or any 

 other species except the common one, will ever be worth growing for the 

 fruit. J. nigra and J. regia both yield a valuable timber, but the former 

 never appears to have been given a fair trial under favourable conditions 

 as a forest tree in Britain. 



Walnuts should always, if possible, be grown from seed, and as they 

 bear transplanting badly, should be given permanent places early. The 

 nuts should be sown as soon as ripe, and not allowed to become dry. 

 All the species like a deep loamy soil. The named varieties of common 

 walnut are propagated by grafting on the type. Some of the species are 

 tender in a young state and apt to be cut by late frost, thus rendering 

 them bushy-topped. It is, in consequence, sometimes necessary to tie 

 up a shoot to form a new leader. The walnut flowers have no colour 

 beauty, and are fertilised by wind ; hybrids have been obtained from species 

 growing near to each other. The following have been named : 



J. ALATA, Carriere (J. cinerea x regia). Young wood downy. Leaflets 

 usually nine, resembling those of J. regia, but slightly toothed ; downy 

 beneath. 



J. PYRIFORMIS, Carriere (J. nigra x regia). Leaves of nine to thirteen 

 leaflets, finely toothed, smooth beneath, and generally intermediate ^between 

 the parents ; fruit more resembling that of J. regia. 



J. VILMORINIANA, Carriere (J. nigra x regia). Foliage as in J. pyriformis, 

 but the fruit more resembling that of J. nigra. The original of this hybrid is 

 now a noble tree in Mr de Vilmorin's garden at Verrieres-le-Buisson, near 

 Paris. It was planted where it stands, in 1816, to commemorate the birth of 

 an eldest son in the de Vilmorin family, and when I saw it a few years ago it 

 was over 90 ft. high, and 10 ft. in girth of trunk. 



J. CALIFORNICA, 5. Watson. 



A very large shrub, 10 to 25 ft. high, with numerous stems, or a tree as 

 much as 50 to 70 ft. high, with a distinct trunk. Leaves 6 to 12 ins. long, 

 composed of eleven to nineteen leaflets, which are ovate-lanceolate, i^ to 4 ins. 

 long, coarsely toothed, taper-pointed, smooth except for tufts of hair in the 

 vein-axils beneath. Male catkins 2 to 4 ins. long ; fruit globose, f to \\ ins. 

 wide, with a thin, downy rind ; nut smooth, except for shallow grooves running 

 lengthwise. 



Native of California ; introduced to Kew about the end of last century, but 

 afterwards lost ; small plants have been recently obtained from America. This 

 tree is allied to J. rupestris, especially its variety major, but it differs in the 

 nut being nearly smooth instead of deeply grooved as in J. rupestris. The tree 

 form of this walnut (J. californica var. Hindsii, Jepson) occurs in N. California ; 

 the shrubby form in S. California. The species is much used in California as 

 a stock on which to graft the common walnut. Nothing certain can yet be 

 said of its adaptability for British gardens. 



