JUGLANS 667 



times nine, rarely eleven or thirteen leaflets. These are oval or ovate, shortly 

 pointed, margins' entire ; terminal leaflet the largest, 3 to 6 ins. long, the basal 

 pair less than half the length and width ; both surfaces smooth except for 

 small tufts of hair in the vein-axils beneath. Male catkins 2 to 4 ins, long. 

 Fruit green, smooth, i^ to 2 ins. across. 



Native of E. Europe and Asia Minor to Afghanistan. The date of its 

 introduction is not known, but it has existed in this country for many centuries. 

 As an ornamental tree the common walnut is not so striking as several other 

 species. It is chiefly grown for its nuts and for its soft, unripe fruits, which 

 are made into a pickle. Its timber is a very valuable one, being perhaps the 

 best obtainable for gunstocks. It is also largely used for furniture and 

 veneering. Numerous varieties of the walnut have sprung up in cultivation : 



Var. BARTERIANA. Nuts almond-shaped. 



Var. HETEROPHYLLA. Leaflets long, narrow, irregularly lobed. 



Var. LACINIATA. Leaflets very handsomely cut into deep narrow lobes. 

 A handsome foliage tree, superior to var. heterophylla. 



Var. MAXIMA (macrocarpa). Bannut or Clawnut. Nuts about twice the 

 ordinary size, but not good keepers. Probably the same as the " Noyer a 

 bijoux" of the French, so-called because of the large shells being mounted as 

 jewel boxes. 



Var. MONOPHYLLA, ZV Candolle. Leaflets reduced in number to a large 

 terminal one and a pair of small ones, the latter often absent. 



Var. PENDULA. Branches stiffly pendulous. 



Var. PR^EPARTURIENS. A dwarf bushy form, fruiting when quite young ; 

 known in orchards as " Prolific." 



Var. RACEMOSA, Duhamel. Fruits in clusters of ten to fifteen ; known in 

 orchards as " Cluster." 



Var. RUBRA. Flesh of the kernel red, the skin blood-red ; found wild in 

 Styria, and said to come true from seed. 



Of the above the only, one notable as an ornamental tree is var. laciniata. 

 Other varieties are cultivated for the qualities of their fruit, such as " Highflyer," 

 ' Meylanaise," " Mayette," " Noix St Jean," "Parisienne" ; but a consideration 

 of them is outside the scope of this work. A curious variety known as " thin- 

 shelled" (to the French as "a coque tendre "), has shells so thin that they are 

 easily pierced by birds ; in some districts it is valueless on that account. 



J. RUPESTRIS, Engelmann. TEXAN WALNUT. 



A small tree, often semi-shrubby ; young shoots covered with short, 

 yellowish down. Leaves 6 to 1 2 ins. long ; leaflets seven to over twenty, 

 lance-shaped or narrowly ovate ; i to 3 ins. long, \ to f in. wide ; long and 

 taper-pointed, finely toothed, obliquely rounded at the base ; when young both 

 surfaces are covered with minute down, which mostly falls away except on 

 the midrib and chief veins ; common stalk downy like the young shoots. 

 Male catkins slender, 2 to 4 ins. long. Fruit globose, \ to I in. diameter, 

 covered with a thin, smooth husk. Nut deeply grooved." Native of Central 

 and W. Texas. 



Var. MAJOR, Torrey.k tree 50 ft. high, with larger, more downy and more 

 coarsely toothed leaves (up to 6 ins. long) ; fruit i^ ins. diameter, clothed with 

 brownish red down. Native of New Mexico, Arizona, etc. 



The typical J. rupestris, discovered in West Texas in 1835, was sent to 

 Kew by Prof. Sargent in 1881, and again in 1894. It is a handsome bushy 

 tree, qufte distinct from all other cultivated walnuts in its small, narrow, thin 

 leaves. The var. major has a more western habitat, and is of less interesting, 

 coarser appearance. 



