668 JUGLANS JUNIPERUS 



J. SlEBOLDIANA, Maximowicz. 



A tree over 50 ft. high, with stout young shoots clothed, like the common 

 stalk of the leaf, with glandular hairs. Leaves i^ to 2 (occasionally 3) ft. 

 long, composed of eleven to seventeen leaflets, which are oblong, taper-pointed, 

 finely toothed, obliquely rounded or slightly heart-shaped at the base ; 

 3 to 7 ins. long, r^ to 2 ins. wide ; downy on both surfaces, especially beneath. 

 Male catkins slender, up to I ft. long. Fruits clustered on long spikes, 

 roundish ovoid, 2 ins. long, covered with sticky down. Nut about i\ ins. 

 long, rounded at the base, pointed at the top, nearly smooth, but with a 

 prominent ridge at the union of the two halves. 



Native of Japan ; introduced to Europe about 1860, by Siebold. It is 

 abundant in the forests of Japan, and its nuts are valued as food there. In 

 Britain it gives no promise of bearing fruit to any advantage, and in spite of 

 the considerable period that has elapsed since its introduction, there appears 

 to be no large specimen in the country. It appears to differ from mand- 

 shurica chiefly in the apex of the leaflet being more abruptly tapered and 

 shorter-pointed, and in the prominent ridge and smoother surface of the nut. 



J. STENOCARPA, Maximowicz. 



Little is known of this walnut, but it is an ally of J. mandshurica and 

 Sieboldiana, differing, however, in the following respects : the terminal leaflet 

 is obovate, and thus very distinct .in .shape from the side leaflets, which are 

 oblong ; there is no patch of down above the scar left by the fallen leaf, as in 

 the mandshurica group. The species was discovered in Manchuria by 

 Maximowicz, who described the nuts as cylindrical or oblong-oval, with a long 

 tapering apex. J. stenocarpa has been grown on the Continent as J. macro- 

 pliylla, an appropriate name, for I have a leaf 2 ft. 8 ins. long, with only eleven 

 leaflets, the terminal one 8 ins. long by 5 ins. wide ; the largest side ones 7^ 

 ins. long by 3 ins. wide. 



JUNIPERUS. JUNIPER. CONIFERS. 



The junipers are spread widely over the temperate and sub-tropical 

 regions of the northern hemisphere, the hardy species coming from China 

 and Japan, N. America, Europe, and N. Africa. The only species native 

 of the British Isles is J. communis, which is not uncommon on chalk 

 hills. They are evergreen, and range from trees up to 100 ft. high down 

 to low, spreading, or prostrate shrubs. The bark is usually thin, and 

 often peels off in long strips. Leaves of two types: (i) awl-shaped, 

 and from \ to f in. long, borne in whorls of threes or in pairs; (2) 

 small, scale-like, and rarely more than g in. long, arranged oppositely in 

 pairs and closely appressed to the branchlet. The first kind is found on 

 the juvenile plants of all species; and several species, notably those of 

 the communis group, retain it permanently. But other species, namely, 

 those of the Sabina group, including virginiana and chinensis, as they 

 get older, develop more and more of the minute scale-like type of leaf 

 which is essentially characteristic of the adult plant. A number of 

 species, long after they have reached the fruit-bearing stage, continue 

 to produce the juvenile as well as the adult type. This peculiarity is, 

 however, apparently more characteristic of cultivated than of wild 

 specimens. The flowers are unisexual, and most frequently the two 



