676 JUNIPERUS 



the juvenile awl-shaped, and the adult scale-like. Juvenile leaves in opposite 

 pairs, spine-tipped, ^ to ^ in. long, the concave upper side glaucous, except on 

 the margins. The scale -like, genuinely adult leaves are on very slender 

 branchlets, and about ^ m - l n g> g reen > bluntish at the apex, thickened and 

 rounded at the outside, which is marked about the centre with a sunken gland. 

 As in other junipers with dimorphic foliage, there is an intermediate state in 

 which the leaves are larger and more pointed than the fully adult ones. Plants 

 either uni- or bi-sexual. Fruit globose or broadly top-shaped, to j in. 

 diameter, dark brown, ultimately covered with a blue bloom, and containing 

 usually two seeds. 



Native of the mountains of Central and S. Europe, and chiefly, but not 

 invariably, found on limestone. It was cultivated in England in the first half 

 of the sixteenth century. It is one of the handsomest and most useful of 

 dwarf evergreens, especially for elevated and chalky districts, being easily 

 increased by cuttings. 



Var. HUMILIS, Endlicher. Carpet Juniper. A low shrub of spreading 

 habit, i^ to 2 ft. high, with both types of foliage. 



Var. TAMARISCIFOLIA, Aiton. Spanish Savin. A shrub of spreading 

 habit like the preceding, but taller : leaves of the two types, the juveniles often 

 in threes. 



Var. VARIEGATA. A dwarf shrub with close branches whose younger parts 

 are tipped with creamy white. 



On the shores of the Great Lakes and other parts of Eastern N. America 

 there is found a low, prostrate juniper very closely allied to J. Sabina. It is 

 known by vari'ous names, chiefly as J. Sabina var. prostrata, sometimes as 

 J. procumbens, which, however, belongs rightly to the Japanese species 

 previously described under the name ; also as J. hudsonica, Loddiges. It is 

 apparently a distinct species, and is treated as such by American botanists 

 under the name of J. HORIZONTALS, Moench, "Waukegan juniper." Its 

 adult scale-like leaves are sharply pointed and in pairs. Fruit about 4- in. 

 diameter, with usually two or three seeds. The whole plant has a glaucous- 

 blue colour ; it is, perhaps, the bluest of junipers and very striking, although 

 not abundant in cultivation. It does not occur on limestone. 



J. SQUAMATA, Buchanan- Hamilton. 



(J. densa, Gordon?) 



A low shrub with the main branches spreading over the ground, and 

 the branchlets rising about 2 ft. above them. Leaves always awl-shaped 

 (never scale-like), and arranged in threes ; they are pointed forwards, but 

 not appressed to the stem, J to \ in. long, terminated by a slender fine 

 point ; margins green on the upper side and incurved, the concave centre 

 uniformly glaucous ; lower side of leaf wholly green, and with a central 

 groove. Fruit egg-shaped, about \ in. long, reddish brown the first year, 

 ripening and changing to purplish black the second ; it carries one seed. 



Native of the Himalaya and China ; introduced to Chiswick from the 

 former about 1836, or perhaps earlier. It is allied to J. recurva, which it 

 resembles in its uniform foliage, and the purple-black, one-seeded berries. 

 The leaves, however, are broader, shorter, and more conspicuously glaucous, 

 and the habit and general aspect very different. There is a good specimen 

 at Bayfordbury from which the above description was made, which makes 

 a handsome low shrub, very dense and leafy in growth. 



J. THURIFERA, LinncEus. INCENSE JUNIPER. 



A tree 30 to 40 ft. high in a wild state ; narrowly pyramidal in cultivation. 

 Leaves of two sorts, viz., awl-shaped and scale-like ; the former sharply 



