TREES GROWING IN RICH SOIL. 165 



simple ; alternate ; slender-petioled in alternate bunches ; rounded-ovate, with 

 pointed apex and pointed or slightly heart-shaped base ; sharply and unevenly 

 toothed or forming small lobes ; deep green tinged with red, shining and glab- 

 rous ; membranous. Flowers: large; white, pink or reddish; clustered in a 

 corymb; odour, unpleasant. Calyx: urn-shaped; five-cleft. Corolla: of five 

 rosaceous petals. Stamens: numerous. Pistil: one with from three to five 

 styles. Fruit : bright scarlet ; ovate ; not edible. 



Among the hawthorns there are a number of beautiful trees 

 with close, fine foliage and dainty, cherry-like blossoms which 

 unfold an abundance of brightness in the springtime. We are 

 prone to lament that the odours of many of the species are dis- 

 agreeable; but this is not so without a purpose. Carrion-loving 

 flies which assist in accomplishing cross-fertilization are attracted 

 by this means, and the flapping of their wings makes a sonorous 

 hum through the treetops. Although this tree is common 

 throughout the north, it appears not to be as much found in 

 gardens as formerly. Until late in the autumn the bright red 

 fruit hangs on the branches. The closely grained and hard 

 wood is brown with a reddish tint. 



C. macracdntha, long-spined thorn, is a similar tree to the pre- 

 ceding one and has longer and brighter brown thorns which grow 

 on its straggling branches. Its leaves are broadly obovate, and 

 its flowers and fruit are rather small. From May until June it 

 may be found in bloom. 



BLACK THORN. PEAR THORN. PEAR HAW. 



{Plate LXXXIV.) 

 Crataegus tomentbsa. 



FAMILY SHAPE HEIGHT RANGE TIME OF BLOOM 



Apple. Head y Jtat y broad; 8-25 Jeet. Atlantic seaboard westward M 'ay \ June. 



branches^ thick. to Missouri and Texas. Fruit: October. 



Bark: ashy grey, broken into thin scales. Young twigs: bronze-green or 

 dull orange. Thorns: stout; one to two inches long. Stipules: linear. 

 Leaves: simple; alternate; ovate and narrowing into a margined petiole; the 

 apex pointed ; sharply and unevenly serrate, or cut to appear like small lobes ; 

 thick. Upper surface greyish green, almost smooth and impressed above the 

 ribs ; pubescent below when young and remaining so along the ribs. Flowers : 

 numerous; white; odour, disagreeable; about one inch across and growing 

 in loose corymbs at the end of the branches. Fruit: orange or dull red; oval 

 or pear shaped ; about half an inch in diameter ; edible. 



Although the blackthorn has not the advantage of having its 



