Juniperus x 399 



(b) Acicular leaves in opposite pairs. 



18. Juniperus virginiana, Linnaeus. North America. See p. 1435. 



A tree. Ultimate branchlets very slender,^ in. in diameter; leaves appressed, 

 ovate, acute or acuminate, with often a small oval depression on the back. 

 Acicular foliage usually present. Fruit bluish, very small, \ in. in diameter, 

 with one or two seeds. 



19. Juniperus Saiina, Linnaeus. Europe, Caucasus, North America. See p. 1443. 



A shrub, distinguishable by the strong disagreeable odour of the foliage, 

 whrn bruised. Ultimate branchlets very slender, -fa in. in diameter ; leaves 

 appressed, ovate, acute or acuminate, with a conspicuous depressed dorsal resin- 

 gland. Acicular foliage often present. Fruit bluish, very small, ^ in. in 

 diameter, with usually two seeds. 



20. Juniperus excelsa, Bieberstein. Balkan States, Crimea, Syria, Asia Minor, 



Caucasus. See p. 1446. 

 A tree. Ultimate branchlets very slender, fa in. in diameter ; leaves appressed, 

 ovate-rhombic, acute or obtuse, marked on the back with a depressed gland. 

 Acicular foliage rarely present. Fruit dark purplish brown, ^ to ^ in. in 

 diameter, with about six seeds. 



The following species, of which I have seen no living adult specimens in 

 cultivation, may be briefly mentioned, on account of their economic importance. 



I. Juniperus procera, Hochstetter, ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 26 (1847). 



A tree, widely spread throughout Abyssinia, Somaliland, and the highlands 

 of equatorial Africa. In botanical characters it closely resembles J. excelsa. 

 Hutchins 1 gives a good account of this species in British East Africa, where it 

 is called cedar and is a timber tree of great value, occasionally attaining an 

 enormous size. He figures a very old tree dividing into two stems, the largest 

 of which is no ft. high and 12 ft. in diameter. The wood is now imported into 

 Hamburg in considerable quantity (about 2500 tons in 191 1 from German East 

 Africa), and is used for the same purposes asy. virginiana, selling in London at 

 about 4s. per cubic foot. J. procera is occasionally seen in the juvenile stage in 

 conservatories in botanic gardens ; but is not hardy in the open air in Britain. 

 Koch 2 mentions a reputed tree of this species, growing in 1873, in Simon- 

 Louis's nursery at Metz, which we cannot now identify. 



II. Juniperus occidentalis, W. J. Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer. ii. 166 (1839). 



A tree, attaining 60 ft. in height, and 9 ft. in girth, readily distinguishable by 

 the stout ultimate branchlets, covered with closely appressed scale-like leaves, 

 arranged in six ranks, in whorls of threes, denticulate in margin, and con- 

 spicuously glandular on the back. Fruit subglobose, \ in. long, bluish with 

 a glaucous bloom, with resinous juicy flesh, containing two or three seeds. 



This species occurs on mountain slopes and high prairies in western North 

 America from Washington and Idaho to the Sierras of California. 



I have seen no specimens of this species in the living state in England ; and 



1 Report of the Forests of British East Africa, 20, 145 (1909), and Scot. Geog. Mag. 1909, p. 351. 



2 Dendrologie, ii. pt. ii. 132 (1873). 



VI K 



