1402 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



2. Var. hemisphcerica, Parlatore, Fl. Ital. iv. 83 (1867). 



Juniperus hemispharica, Presl, Delic. Pragens. 142 (1822). 



Resembling var. nana in habit, but with longer leaves and larger fruits. It is 

 said by Parlatore to occur on Mount Etna, where it grows " on sterile soil between 

 5000 and 7000 ft. elevation ; in the mountains of Calabria and Greece ; and on the 

 Djurdjura range in Algeria. 



Var. echiniformis? which was introduced into gardens by Rinz of Frankfort, 

 is usually identified with var. hemisphcerica, but this is extremely doubtful. This 

 cultivated variety, which is commonly known as the " hedgehog juniper," forms a 

 globose bush, 1 to 2 ft. high, with densely crowded branches, branchlets, and leaves. 



3. Var. stiecica, Aiton, Hort. Kew. v. 414 (18 13). 



Var. ft, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1070 (1753). 



Var. fastigiata, Parlatore, in De Candolle, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 479 (1868). 

 Juniperus suecica, Miller, Gard. Did. ed. 8, No. 2 (1758). 

 Juniperus hibernica, Loddiges, ex Loudon, op. at. 2489 (1838). 



Fastigiate in habit, with ascending branches, short leaves, and oblong fruit. 

 This is occasionally found wild in the forests of Scandinavia and of east Prussia, 

 where it often is a tree, 30 ft. to 40 ft. in height, resembling in appearance the 

 fastigiate Mediterranean cypress. So far as I can learn, it has not been noticed 8 in 

 the British Isles ; but many wild Junipers have a narrow columnar habit. 



In gardens the fastigiate juniper is often seen under the name of Irish juniper, 

 perhaps so called because it has the habit of the Irish yew. It is a neat shrub until 

 it becomes thin and shabby in foliage, and often attains 10 to 15 ft. in height. 

 The best specimen which we have seen is one at Westonbirt, about 25 ft. high in 

 1 9 10. Another at Abercairney was about 20 ft. high in 191 1. 



4. Var. compressa, Carriere, Conif. 22 (1855). 



Fastigiate, with short branches, and densely crowded very short leaves, forming 

 a small bush, rarely exceeding 3 ft. in height. This is said to be tender, and is 

 possibly of southern origin, as it was identified by Koch 4 withy. hispanica, b which was 

 introduced into cultivation by Booth of Hamburg. 



5. Var. oblonga, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2489 (1838). 



Var. caucasica, Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 16 (1847). 



Juniperus oblonga, Bieberstein, Fl. Taur. Caucas. ii. 426 (1808) and iii. 634 (1819). 



Leaves in. long. Fruit small, \ in. in diameter, oblong ; seeds solitary or 

 two. This variety has been found growing wild in the Caucasus, and scarcely 

 deserves mention, as individuals with the same characters are not uncommon 

 elsewhere. According to Loudon, it was introduced from Paris into the Horti- 

 cultural Society's Garden at Chiswick about 1826, and formed a bush 4 ft. 



1 Schouw, in Ann. Sc. Nat. iii. 243 (1845). 



'/. Oxycedrus echiniformis, Knight, Syn. Conif. 11 (1850). Cf. also Koch, Dendrologie, ii. pt. ii. p. 115 (1873). 



3 Mr. R. A. Phillips has never seen the fastigiate form growing wild in Ireland, and knows of no records of its existence. 



4 Dendrologie, ii. pt. ii. p. 115 (1873). 

 6 /. hispanica, Booth, ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 15 (1847). 



