Juniperus I 49 



and jointed at the base ; upper surface deeply concave with the margins inflexed, the 

 narrow median groove whitened with a stomatic band scarcely so wide as the green 

 margins on each side of it ; lower surface green, prominently keeled, without glands. 

 Buds ovoid, minute, with sharp-pointed scales, which persist brown and withered at 

 the ends of the branchlets of the second year ; lateral buds about $ in. long. 



Flowers dicecious. Fruit ripening in the second year, globose, J in. long, with 

 six bracts in two whorls at the base, on a very short stalk, scarcely ^ in. long ; 

 smooth, purplish brown, composed of three scales, separated at the apex by three 

 radiating lines, each scale glaucous and with a minute mucro near the top. Seeds 

 usually three, rarely two, in each berry, triquetrous, with three sharply angled sides, 

 converging to a narrow apex, and marked near the base with three or four deep pits 

 containing resin. 



This species is a native of Japan, 1 where, according to Sargent, 2 it is usually a 

 small tree or spreading bush. It is common on the barren land near Gifu, and is 

 generally distributed at low elevations in central Japan, but usually is only found 

 growing on dry sterile gravelly soil. Elwes saw it on dry hillsides in Kiushu, where 

 it did not exceed 15 to 20 feet in height, and had usually a fastigiate habit. It is 

 much cultivated by the Japanese, especially in temple gardens. J. rigida also 

 occurs in Korea and in the provinces of South Ussuri and Kirin in Manchuria, 

 where it often grows isolated in rocky situations ; but it does not seem to occur 

 in China. 1 It was introduced 3 into England in 1861 by J. Gould Veitch, who 

 found it in the Hakone Mountains. Maximowicz 4 sent living plants in 1864 to 

 the botanic garden at St. Petersburg, of a form, which he called var. filiformis ; 

 but this, if distinct and not a mere juvenile state, is unknown in England, 



This species appears to be rather rare in gardens ; but there are specimens at 

 Kew, Tortworth, Casewick, Chipping Campden, Highnam, and other places in 

 England, and at Hamwood and Glasnevin in Ireland. It nowhere attains more 

 than 20 ft. in height, but it often produces fruit abundantly. (A. H.) 



JUNIPERUS OXYCEDRUS 



Juniperus Oxycedrus, Linnaeus, Sp. PL 1038 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2494 (1838); 



Parlatore, in De Candolle, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 477 (1868); Boissier, Fl. Orient, v. 707 (1881); 



Mathieu, Fl. Forest. 516 (1897); Ascherson and Graebner, Syn. Mitteleurop. Fl. i. 247 (1898) ; 



Kent, Veitch's Man. Conif. 179 (1900); Rikli, in Kirchner, Loew, and Schroter, Lebenges. 



Bliitenpfl. Mitteleurop. i. 309 (1906). 

 Juniperus tenella, Antoine, Cupress. Gattung. 20, tt. 27, 29 (1857). 



Juniperus Marschalliana, Steven, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxix. 244 (1856), and xxx. 397 (1857). 

 Juniperus heterocarpa, Timbal-Lagrave, ex Loret et Barrandon, Fl. Montpellier, ii. 610 (1876). 

 Juniperus Biebersteiniana, Koch, Dendrologie, ii. pt. ii. 112 (1873). 



1 The plant, collected by David in the Ourato Mountains in Mongolia, and referred toy. rigida by Franchet, PI. David. 

 i. 295 (1884), is considered by M. Hickel to be/, communis. Wilson's No. 370, collected in Hupeh, and referred to 

 J. rigida by Masters, mjourn. Bot. xli. 268 (1903) is J. formosana. A plant, collected by Giraldi in Shensi, and referred 

 to/, rigida by Beissner, in Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 1897, p. 216, is also probably J. formosana. 



2 Forest Flora of Japan, 78 (1894). * Hortus Vcitchii, 340 (1906). 

 4 Bretschneider, Hist. Europ. Bot. Disc. China, i. 610 (1898). 



