141 6 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



point ; lower surface convex, keeled ; upper surface concave, with two broad white 

 stomatic bands, separated by a very narrow green or glaucous midrib, extending from 

 the base to. near the apex, where the white bands coalesce. 



Fruit globose, in. in diameter, ripening in the second year, shining dark 

 reddish brown when ripe ; smooth on the surface, with three deep radial furrows at 

 the summit, in the centre of each of which is a dark line, showing the separation 

 of the three scales of which the fruit is composed ; outer edge of each furrow with 

 a thin mucro, overhanging a slight depression ; base of the fruit hollowed out at 

 the insertion of the short scaly stalk. Seeds three, elongated -ovate, triquetrous, 

 mucronate at the narrow thin apex, with several circular resin-pits at the base, 

 above which on the outer surface are three or four larger elongated oval pits. 



In cultivated specimens in Europe the branches are ascending, but the branchlets 

 are very pendulous, giving a weeping appearance to the tree. In China it assumes 

 various habits, but is often very pendulous, and occasionally shrubby. 



The Chinese species now described, as pointed out by Hayata, is distinct from 

 J. taxifolia? Hooker and Arnott, with which it has been confused. The latter, so 

 far as we can learn, has never been introduced into cultivation, and is confined to 

 Bonin Isle, where it was discovered by Capt. Beechey in 1827, and to the Liu Kiu 

 Islands. I cannot find any particulars of the size and habit of this species. 



J.formosana is widely spread throughout the mountains of China, and is also 

 commonly cultivated in temple grounds, being known as the Tz'e Poh, or " prickly 

 cypress." It is represented in the Kew herbarium by numerous wild specimens 

 from the provinces of Szechwan, Hupeh, Chekiang, and Fokien ; and was collected 

 in Shensi by Pere Giraldi. It has lately been found on Mt. Morrison and the 

 adjacent ranges in Formosa, between 8000 and 13,000 ft. altitude. 2 



This species, which is usually known in cultivation as J. oblonga pendula, is 

 stated by Kent to have been introduced from China by Fortune in 1856; but this 

 is incorrect as regards the date. It was for sale in Knight and Perry's nursery in 

 1850, and was probably one of the plants sent home by Fortune in 1844. Knight 

 and Perry describe it as a very elegant drooping shrub from China and Japan, 

 which they supposed to be possibly identical with J. rigida ; but the latter was not 

 introduced till 1861. 



J. formosana is now rare in collections, the best specimen that we have seen 

 being a tree at Bicton, 30 ft. by 2 ft. A vigorous tree at Eastnor Castle is about 

 28 ft. high. A smaller specimen at Bayfordbury is reputed to have been planted 



1 Juniperus taxi/olia, Hooker and Arnott, Bot. Cap. Beechey's Voyage, 271 (1841) ; Siebold and Zuccarini, in Abh. Akad. 

 Wiss. Miinchen, iv. 3, p. 233 (1846) ; Miquel, Prol. Fl.Japonica, 331 (1867) ; Parlatore, in De Candolle, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 481 

 (in part); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xviii. 496 (1882); Hayata, in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, xxv. art. 19, p. 210, 

 fig. 6 (1908). 



Apparently a shrub. Leaves thicker than those of J. formosana, rounded or acute at the apex, and not ending in a 

 spine-like point, about in. long ; upper surface with two white stomatic bands, separated by an elevated green midrib from 

 base to apex. Fruit globose, \ in. in diameter, yellowish, rugose on the surface, with three prominent radial ridges at 

 the apex, overhanging three furrows, external to each of which is a mucro. Seeds three, similar in shape and resin-pits 

 to those of_/. formosana. This species is closely allied to J. formosana, mainly differing in the blunt and not spine-tipped 

 leaves. 



a Specimens kindly sent me from Formosa by Mr. T. Kawakami are identical with specimens which I collected in central 

 China in the mountains of Hupeh. Elwes gathered it in February 191 2, at about 8000 ft. on the ridges above Arisan ; but 

 saw it only in a bushy form. 



