1424 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



JUNIPERUS PHCENICEA 



Juniperus phaenicea, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1040 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2501 (1838); 



Parlatore, in De Candolle, Prod. xvi. 2, p. 486 (1868) ; Vallot, in Journ. de Bot. ii. 329 (1883); 



Mathieu, Flore Forestiere, 517 (1897); Ascherson and Graebner, Syn. Mitteleurop. Fl. i. 250 



(1898); De Coincy, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xlv. 432 (1898); Kent, Veitch's Man. Com/. 



182 (1900); Kirchner and Schroter, Lebenges. Bl'utenpfl. Mitteleuropas, i. 316 (1906); Albert 



and Jahandiez, PL Vase, du Var, 451 (1908). 

 Juniperus Lycia, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1039 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv. 2502 (1838). 

 Sabina phaenicea and Lycia, Antoine, Cupress. Gattung. XX. 42, 44 (i860). 



A shrub or tree, attaining usually about 20 ft. in height. Foliage dimorphic. 

 Leaves on young plants, and very rarely on isolated branches of adult trees, 

 acicular, spreading in whorls of threes, not jointed at the base, decurrent on the 

 branchlet, about in. long, with two stomatic lines on both the upper and lower 

 surfaces. On adult trees, branchlet systems two- to three-pinnate ; ultimate 

 branchlets terete, about -fa in. in diameter ; leaves scale - like, either in four 

 ranks in opposite decussate pairs, or in six ranks in alternating whorls of threes, 

 closely appressed, ovate-rhombic, about -% in. long, blunt at the apex, serrulate 

 in margin, rounded on the back, which is often marked with a longitudinal or oval 

 furrow. 



Flowers usually monoecious, rarely dioecious. 1 Fruit very variable in size and 

 shape, ripening in the second year, on short scaly stalks, shining yellow or reddish 

 brown, with remarkably fibrous yellowish flesh ; composed of six to eight scales, with 

 no distinct lines of separation between them, each marked by a minute or obsolete 

 mucro ; in the typical form, globose or sub-globose, in. to in. in diameter. Seeds 

 variable in number, three to nine, shining brown, separable with great difficulty from 

 the adherent yellow flesh, triquetrous, furrowed longitudinally with two or three 

 depressions for the closely adherent glands. 



This species is remarkably variable in the size, shape, and colour of the fruits. 

 Five or six varieties can be distinguished in specimens gathered by Jahandiez 2 near 

 HyeYes, which were sent to me by Lord Walsingham. The typical form of the 

 species has globose berries ; but these vary in size from \ in. to ^ in. in diameter, 

 and in colour from dark reddish brown to yellow or orange brown. 



1. Var. turbinata, Parlatore, in Fl. Ital. iv. 91 (1867). 



Juniperus turbinata, Gussone, Fl. Sic. Syn. ii. 634 (1844). 

 Juniperus oophora, Kunze, in Flora, xxix. 637 (1846). 



Fruit ovoid or shortly conical. Seeds deeply furrowed from base to apex, and 

 compressed at the summit into a sharp transverse edge. This variety is met with in 



1 This is De Coincy's opinion. Most authors say that it is usually dioecious and occasionally monoecious. Some of the 

 trees we have seen in cultivation are certainly monoecious. 



2 Albert and Jahandiez, PI. Vase, du Var, 451 (1908), state that shrubs with large globose berries grow on the maritime 

 sands, whilst those with small berries occur in rocky situations. De Coincy, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xlv. 432 (1898), 

 refers the form with large globose berries to_/. Lycia, Linnaeus, which may be named, if considered worth distinguishing, as 

 J. phaenicea, var. Lycia, Loiseleur, Nouv. Duharn. vi. 47, t. 17 (1812). 



